Rodriguez-Fernandez A. M.

New trends in the national movements of the countries of the East (the first half of the XX century) P. 64 -70

UDC 323.1(51)«19»

DOI 10.37724/RSU.2022.77.4.007

 

Abstract. This article examines a new stage in the development of public thought and the formation of political ideologies in Asia and Africa (mainly the beginning of the XX century and the interwar period). The new period was primarily associated with the consolidation of political thought, the emergence of opposing trends in it on the main issue — the struggle for independence: moderate-liberal and radical. Moderates focused on Western society as a model, sought sovereignty through careful modernization of political and economic structures, the elimination of extreme manifestations of colonial discrimination, the introduction of elements of constitutional norms of life. They were loyal to those in power, acted within the law, followed the tactics of compromise, believed that the people were not ready for self-government. Unlike the moderates, the radicals sought immediate national liberation, they were convinced that compromises with the rulers were not possible, recognized the use of violence in the struggle for freedom as justified and necessary, and believed in the people. Depending on the situation in different countries, one or another current came to the forefront of public life at different times, pushing the rest into the shadow, sometimes even imposing their own vision of reality on them. By the mid-1930s, moderate liberal parties and organizations, having pushed the radicals, occupied strong positions in most of the countries of the East. Until the Second World War, the liberal consciousness in the East still linked the fate of Eastern societies with the West. Despite the fact that the idea of national independence was ultimately the main thing for the liberal intelligentsia, the illusion persisted that secular Western civilization was capable of ensuring the comprehensive progress of Eastern societies on a kind of “national” and “democratic” basis. The problem was that the views of the Eastern liberals were mostly a combination of separate concepts of the European Enlightenment, colored by local traditions. A sharp turn to radicalism, the predominance of the left forces will occur during the future war, the struggle of the liberation armies, the spread of socialist ideas.

 

Keywords: anti-colonial struggle, Western and Eastern civilizations, liberal and radical ideologies, national sovereignty, social thought, socio-economic development.

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