Vorobyov A. Yu., Kadyrov A. S., Balobina A. A.

Method of complex benchmarks for assessing rates of relief formation on erosive river banks Р. 174-190.

UDC 551.435

DOI 10.37724/RSU.2023.79.2.017

Abstract. We have developed and applied a unique method (for the floodplain of the middle course of the Oka River) for determining the rate of lateral erosion of the river channel. In the period from 2016 to 2020, field studies of the dynamics of horizontal channel deformations were carried out using complex (complex) benchmarks. Unlike other similar approaches, whose implementation involves manual measurements, the new method allows obtaining quantitative data on the retreat rate not only of the floodplain crest, but also of a slope plane itself at different heights above the river’s edge.

It is established that the greatest coasts erosion at all three accounting sites was observed in 2018, during the retreat of the spring flood, with the crest of the flood wave sweeping the massifs of the central floodplain. During other years, with abnormally low floods or high summer floods, the total rate of coastal retreat decreased by 5–7 times. The attenuation of relief formation was most reflected in the spring erosion of slopes, while their retreat during the summer low water period from year to year differed in approximately the same dynamics.

Keywords: dynamic geomorphology, The Oka River bed, research methodology, reference points, bank slope, lateral erosion, high water.

 

Bibliography

  1. L. Aleksandrovsky and M. P. Glasko. Interaction of alluvial and soil-forming processes at different stages of the formation of floodplains of lowland rivers in the Holocene (on the example of the rivers of the central part of the East European Plain. Geomorphologiya [Geomorphology]. 2014, iss. 4, pp. 3–17. (In Russian).
  2. Barovsky N. A., Chalov R. S. Hydrological and morphological analysis and conditions for the development of river channels in the basin of the River Oka. Vestnik Moskovskogo universiteta. Ser. 5: Geografiya [Bulletin of Moscow University. Series 5: Geography]. 2004, iss. 2, pp. 63–68. (In Russian).
  3. Berkovich K. M., Zlotina L. V., Turykin L. A. Erosion of river banks: factors, mechanism, human activity. Geomorphology [Geomorphology]. 2019, iss. 2, pp. 3–17. (In Russian).
  4. Binenko V. I., Ivanov R. V., Rodionov V. Z. Monitoring of rivers, lakes and land based on the use of unmanned aerial vehicles. Uchenyye zapiski Rossiyskogo gosudarstvennogo gidrometeorologicheskogo universiteta [Scientific Notes of Russian State Hydrometeorological University]. iss. 34, pp. 106–114. (In Russian).
  5. Vorobyov A. Yu., Kadyrov A. S. Field studies of the retreat of the banks of the Oka River bed in 2014–2018 based the method of simple benchmarks. Geograficheskiy vestnik [Geographical Bulletin]. 2020, iss. 3 (54), pp. 30–45. (In Russian).
  6. Vorobyov A. Yu., Puzakov S. V. Dynamics of lateral erosion on concave banks of the bends of the Oka River in its middle reaches in the 19th–20th centuries and at the present stage. Vestnik Ryazanskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta [Bulletin of Ryazan State University]. 2017, iss. 3 (56), pp. 150–157. (In Russian).
  7. Vukolov E. A. Osnovy statisticheskogo analiza. Praktikum po statisticheskim metodam
    i issledovaniyu operatsiy s ispolzovaniyem paketov STATISTICA i EXCEL     [Basics of statistical analysis. Practical course on statistical methods and operations research using STATISTICA and EXCEL packages]. Moscow, FORUM Publ., 2008, 464 p. (In Russian).
  8. Gendelman M. M. On the mechanism of processing the banks of river channels. Meteorologiya i gidrologiya [Meteorology i hydrology]. 1975, iss. 12, pp. 89–94. (In Russian).
  9. Dalmatov B. I. Mekhanika gruntov, osnovaniya i fundamenty [Mechanics of soils, their bases and foundations]. Leningrad, Stroyizdat Publ., 1988, 415 p. (In Russian).
  10. Zavadsky A. S., Lobanov G. V., Petukhova L. N. [et al.]. Results of stationary studies of riverbed processes in European Russia. Erozionnyye i ruslovyye protsessy [Erosion and channel processes]. Ed. R. S. Chalov]. Moscow, 2010, pp. 220–251. (In Russian).
  11. Zavadsky A. S., Korableva O. V., Chernov A. V. Manifestations of discreteness of fluvial relief-forming processes. Materialy XXXV Plenuma Geomorfologicheskoy komissii RAN [Proceedings of the XXXV Plenum of the Geomorphological Commission of the Russian Academy of Sciences]. 2016, pp. 139–143. (In Russian).
  12. Kireyeva M. B., Ilich V. P., Goncharov A. V. [et al.]. 2007–2015 low water impact in the River Don basin on the state of aquatic ecosystems. Vestnik Moskovskogo universiteta. Ser. 5: Geografiya [Bulletin of Moscow University. Ser. 5: Geography]. 2018, iss. 5, pp. 3–13. (In Russian).
  13. Korableva O. V., Chernov A. V. Experience of monitoring channel deformations on wide floodplain rivers (example of the Kerzhenets River). Geografiya i prirodnyye resursy [Geography and Natural Resources]. 2008, iss. 2, pp. 158–165. (In Russian).
  14. Krivtsov V. A., Vodorezov A. V., Vorobyov A. Yu., Tobratov S. A. Osobennosti i rezultaty proyavleniya ekzogennykh relyefoobrazuyushchikh protsessov v doline r. Oki v yeyo srednem techenii v golotsene [Events and results of exogenous relief-forming processes in the Oka River in its middle course in the Holocene]. Gen. ed. V. A. Krivtsov. Ryazan, Ryazan State University named for S. A. Yesenin Publ., 2020, 174 p. (In Russian).
  15. Lazarenko A. A. Litologiya allyuviya ravninnykh rek gumidnoy zony (na primere Dnepra, Desny, Oki). Trudy Geologicheskogo instituta [Works of Geology Institute]. Moscow, Nauka Publ., 1964, iss. 120, 236 p. (In Russian).
  16. Nazarov N. N., Kopytov S. V., Chernov A. V. On the age of floodplains with discontinuous dynamic development (example of the upper flow of Kama). Geograficheskiy vestnik [Geographical Bulletin]. 2016, iss. 3 (38), pp. 15–27. (In Russian).
  17. Simonov Yu. G. Metodologiya fundamentalnykh issledovaniy [Geomorphology. Methodology of fundamental research]. St. Petersburg, Piter Publ., 2005, 302 p. (In Russian).
  18. Smirnova E. A., Lobanov G. V., Bastrakov G. V. Influence of strength characteristics of soils on the intensity of channel deformations in the middle reaches of the River Desna. Geomorphologiya [Geomorphology]. 2009, iss. 2, pp. 75–84. (In Russian).
  19. Erozionno-ruslovyye sistemy [Systems of riverbed erosion]. Ed. R. S. Chalov, V. N. Golosov, A. Yu. Sidorchuk]. Moscow, INFRA-M Publ., 2017, 702 p. (In Russian).
  20. Shantser E. V. Allyuviy ravninnykh rek umerennogo poyasa i yego znacheniye dlya poznaniya zakonomernostey stroyeniya i formirovaniya allyuvialnykh svit. Trudy Instituta geologii Akademii nauk SSSR. Geologicheskaya seriya [Proceedings of Institute of Geology of Academy of Sciences of USSR. Geological series]. Moscow, Nauka Publ., 1951, iss. 135, 271 p. (In Russian).
  21. Abernethy B., Rutherford I. D. Where along a river’s length will vegetation most effectively stabilize stream banks? 1998, vol. 23, iss. 1, pp. 55–75.
  22. Jugie M., Goba F., Virmoux C. [et al.]. Characterizing and quantifying the discontinuous bank erosion of a small low energy river using Structure-from-Motion Photogrammetry and erosion pins. Journal of Hydrology. 2018, vol. 563, pp. 418–434.
  23. Knighton A. D. Fluvial forms and processes. A New Perspective, Arnold. London, 1998, 383 p.
  24. Lane E. W. The importance of fluvial morphology in hydraulic engineering. Proceedings, American Society of Civil Engineers. 1955, vol. 81, iss. 7, pp. 1–17.
  25. Lawler D. M., Grove J. R., Couperthwaite J. S., Leeks G. J. L. Downstream change in river bank erosion rates in the Swale-Ouse system, northern England. Hydrological Processes, 1999, vol. 13, iss. 7, pp. 977–992.
  26. Shu A., Li F., Liu H. [et al.]. Characteristics of particle size distributions for the collapsed riverbank along the desert reach of the upper Yellow River. International Journal of Sediment Research. 2016, vol. 31, pp. 291–298.
  27. Stefanovic J. R., Bryan R. B. Experimental study of rill bank collapse. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms. 2007, vol. 32, iss. 2, pp. 180–196.
  28. Tapas K., Dutta S. Erodibility of fine soil from the composite river bank of Brahmaputra in India. Hydrological Processes. 2011, vol. 25, iss. 1, pp. 104–111.
  29. Xia J., Deng S., Lu J., Xu Q. Dynamic channel adjustments in the Jingjiang Reach of the Middle Yangtze River. Scientific Reports. 2016, vol. 6, iss. 1, pp. 228–242.
  30. Zong Q., Xia J., Zhou M. [et al.]. Modelling of the retreat process of composite riverbank in the Jingjiang Reach using the improved BSTEM. Hydrological processes. 2017, vol. 31, iss. 26, pp. 127–141.

 

Uncategorized