2016 №1(50) Article 10

S.I. Bolyssov, V.A. Nekhodtsev

Sub-Relief and underground processes as environmental and geomorphologic threats in urban areas. P. 87-105.

UDC 574+551.4

pdf

During the last 100–150 years urban development has been influencing the geological environment, modifying the underground structures and interacting with the geological and geomorphologic processes. The narrow 30–50 meter strips of soil exposed to urban influence abound in artificial and natural caverns. Both artificial and natural caverns (to denote which the authors use the term sub-relief structures) together with anthropogenic and natural underground processes trigger off ecological and geomorphologic factors that endanger urban areas. Among these factors the authors single out such factors as internal, karst and fluvial erosion processes in subsurface rain and river water reservoirs (both natural and artificial). Erosion processes bring about the deformation and destruction of surfaces and buildings. Natural subsurface water reservoirs collect pollutants whose TLVs exceed the norm 20–50 times. The dangerous underground processes, being very rapid and excessively detrimental, do not lend themselves to forecasting.

geological environment, urban area, karst, dangerous processes, subsurface river, sub-relief, internal erosion, ecological and urban geomorphology

References:

  1. Bolysov, S.I. Biogennoe rel’efoobrazovanie na sushe [Biogenic relief formation in the land] [Text]. — Vol. 2 : Zonal’nost’. Zoning. — Moscow : GEOS, 2007. — 466 p.
  2. Bolysov, S.I. Pogrebennyy i podzemnyy rel’ef g. Moskva [Buried underground and relief of Moscow] [Text] / S.I. Bolysov, V.А. Nekhodtsev // Teoreticheskie problemy sovremennoy geomorfologii. Teoriya i praktika izucheniya geomorfologicheskikh sistem : materialy ХХХI plenuma geomorfologicheskoy komissii RАN. — Theoretical problems of modern geomorphology. Theory and practice of studying geomorphological systems: materials of XXXI plenum of geomorphological commission of sciences. — Аstrakhan, 2011. — P. 151–156.
  3. Bolysov, S.I. Subrel’ef — “rel’ef” podzemnykh polostey [Subrelef — “relief” of underground cavities] [Text] / S.I. Bolysov, V.А. Nekhodtsev, V.S. Shishkin // Geomorfologicheskie resursy i geomorfologicheskaya bezopasnost’: ot teorii k praktike : Materialy Vseros. konf. «VII Schukinskie chteniya» — Geomorphological resources and geomorphological security: From Theory to Practice: Proceedings of national conference. «VII Schukin’s read», Moscow: Moscow State University named for M.V. Lomonosov, 18–21 May 2015. — Moscow : MАKS Press, 2015. — P. 42–47.
  4. Dan’shin, B.M. Moskva. Geologicheskoe stroenie [Moscow. The geological structure] [Text] / B.M. Dan’shin, E.V. Golovina // Trudy Instituta geologii i mineralogii i Moskovskogo geologo-gidrogeodezicheskogo tresta. — Proceedings of the Institute of Geology and Mineralogy and Moscow geological and geodetic trust. — 1934. — Ed. 10/6. — 93 p.
  5. Iksanova, E.А. Vklad dokaynozoyskogo karbonatnogo karsta v razvitie sovremennykh prosadochnykh protsessov v g. Moskve [The contribution of pre-Cenozoic carbonate karst subsidence in the development of modern processes in Moscow] [Text] : dissertation for degree… Candidate of Geography. — Moscow, 2005. — 155 p.
  6. Kanalizatsionnaya set’ [Sewage network] [Electronic resource]. — Mode of access : http://www.mosvodokanal.ru/index.php?do=cat&category=canset : website.
  7. Komarova, N.G. Ustoychivoe razvitie megapolisa v usloviyakh prirodnogo i tekhnogennogo riskov [Sustainable development of the metropolis in terms of natural and technological risks] [Text] / N.G. Komarova and others. — Moscow : Gothic, 2002. — 192 p.
  8. Likhacheva, Eh.А. O semi kholmakh Moskvy [Of seven hills of Moscow] [Text]. — Moscow : Science, 1990. — 141 p.
  9. Likhacheva, Eh.А. Ehkologicheskie khroniki Moskvy [Environmental Moscow Chronicle] [Text]. — Moscow : Media-Press, 2007. — 303 p.
  10. Moskva. Geologiya i gorod [Moscow. Geology and the city] [Text]/ under the editorship of V.I. Osipova, O.P. Medvedeva. — Moscow : Moskovskie uchebniki i kartolitografiya.- Moscow textbooks and map-lithography, 1997. — 398 p.
  11. Nekhodtsev, V.А. Ehrozionno-ruslovye protsessy i subrel’ef podzemnykh (kollektornykh) vodotokov [Erosion-channel processes and sub-relief of underground (collector) watercourses] [Text] // Iskusstvennye podzemnye sooruzheniya gorodov. — Artificial underground structures of cities // Speleologiya i spelestologiya : sb. materialov III Mezhdunar. nauch. zaoch. konf. — Proceedings of the science distance conference / NISPTR. — Naberezhnye Chelny, 2012. — P. 231–236.
  12. Nikolaev, N.I. Ob ehvolyutsionnom razvitii karstovykh form i znachenii strukturno-tektonicheskogo faktora [Of the evolutionary development of karst forms and significance of the structural and tectonic factors] [Text] // Sovetskaya geologiya. — Soviet Geology. — 1946. — N 10. — P. 46–57.
  13. O Moskovskom metropolitene [Of Moscow subway] [Electronic resource]. — Mode of access : http://mosmetro.ru/about/ : website.
  14. Otsenka gidrokhimicheskogo rezhima vodnykh ob”ektov na territorii goroda [Evaluation of hydrochemical regime of the water bodies in the city] [Electronic resource] //
    O sostoyanii okruzhayushhey prirodnoy sredy goroda Moskvy v 2002 godu : gos. doklad. — Of the state of Moscow environment in 2002: state report. — Mode of access : https://ru. wikipedia.org/wiki/Neglinnaya : website.
  15. Rel’ef sredy zhizni cheloveka (ehkologicheskaya geomorfologiya) [Relief of human life environment (environmental geomorphology)] [Text] / ed. by Eh.А. Likhacheva, D.А. Timofeeva. — Moscow : Media-Press, 2002. — Vol. 1, 2. — 640 p.
  16. Simonov, Yu.G. Inzhenernaya geomorfologiya. Osnovaniya dlya inzhenernoy otsenki rel’efa [Engineering Geomorphology. Reasons for the engineering assessment of the relief] [Text] / Yu. G. Simonov, V.I. Kruzhalin. — Moscow : Moscow University Press, 1989. — 100 p.
  17. Simonov, Yu.G. Metody geomorfologicheskikh issledovaniy: metodologiya [The methods of geomorphological research: methodology] [Text] / Yu.G. Simonov, S.I. Bolysov. — Moscow : Аspect-Press, 2002. — 191 p.
  18. Sokolov, D.S. Osnovnye usloviya razvitiya karsta [The main conditions of karst development] [Text]. — Moscow : Gosgeoltekhizdat, 1962. — 322 p.
  19. Kharchenko, S.V. Geomorfologicheskiy faktor formirovaniya gorodov Chernozem’ya [Geomorphological factor in the formation of cities of the Black Earth Belt] [Text] : dissertation for degree … of Candidate of Geography. — Moscow : Moscow University Press, 2014. — 171 p.
  20. Shantser, E.V. Ocherki ucheniya o geneticheskikh tipakh kontinental’nykh osadochnykh obrazovaniy [Essays on the doctrine of the genetic types of continental sedimentary formations] [Text] // Trudy GIN АN SSSR. — Proceedings of Geological Sciences of the USSR. — Moscow : Science, 1966. — 240 p.
Uncategorized