2018 №2(59) Article 5

Bodrova E.V., Golovanova N.B., Kalinov V.V.

Attempts to Activate Innovation Processes at the Collapse of the USSR: Causes of Failure. P. С. 40-48.         

UDC 947

The analysis of various conceptual approaches to the research of national innovative system formation and archival materials enables the authors the article to determine peculiarities of scientific and technical policies adopted by the Soviet State during the period preceding the collapse of the USSR. The analysis of various conceptual approaches enables the authors to formulate conclusions concerning errors made by Soviet authorities before the collapse, the declarative character of plans related to use of new technology and equipment. In the dramatically changing situation the scientific and technical activities and scientific and technical progress turned out to be mostly vulnerable spheres of the economic system. The scientific impact on production did not increase. Economic mechanisms were ineffective. The majority of Soviet officials continued to focus on the necessity of capital investments, focusing on qualitative aspects. The failure of top-down modernization was caused by Soviet officials’ inability to appreciate the ineffectiveness of the previously used industrial model of development and its extreme costs. The technocratic approach, officials’ inability to implement innovations and their unwillingness to consider the results of a scientific analysis were major causes of slow technological development and technological deterioration. Meanwhile, the country’s powerful scientific and technical potential wasn’t used by the Soviet government, which failed to choose a more promising way of development.

 

state scientific and technical policy, national innovative system, collapse of the USSR, technological deterioration.

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