2017-№2 (55) Article 5

A.A. Turkov

The epic of the Chelyuskin expedition of 1934 as a key element of Soviet propaganda of Polar exploration P. 38- 46.

UDC 914.7(09)(98)«1934»

The article treats propaganda methods and techniques used by the Soviet government in the 1930s, in particular the rescue of the members of an arctic expedition on board the Chelyuskin in 1934, in order to improve the Soviet image both at home and abroad. The author focuses on the strategy of creating the archetypal Soviet hero, a polar explorer, and analyzes the role of the archetypal hero in the Soviet culture of the 1930s. The epic of the Chelyuskin expedition played an important role in covering the Soviet polar exploration. The research reveals major characteristic features of the Soviet heroes (polar pilots and polar explorers), it also reveals major methods and techniques of mythologization (books, mass media, specific folklore). The article maintains that the epic of the Chelyuskin expedition was used not only to promote polar exploration, but also to demonstrate the triumph of the Soviet political system and the Soviet lifestyle. The article traces the international (Norwegian, British, American) attitude to the rescue of the Chelyuskin expedition and analyzes the role of the Chelyuskin epic in the formation of the Soviet image abroad.

Arctic region, image, myth, social opinion, print mass media, propaganda.

 

References:

 

  1. Aleksandrov, A. Osvoenie tekhniki i zadachi komsomola [Text] // Tekhnika – molodezhi. – 1933. – N 1. – S. 4–11.
  2. Arhiv vneshnej politiki Rossijskoj Federacii (AVP RF) [Text]. – F. 5. – Op. 14. – P. 100. – D. 78. – L. 4–10 ; F. 129. – Op. 17. – P. 130. – D. 355. – L. 38–39.
  3. Blestyashchaya pobeda zavoevana [Text] // Pravda. – 1934. – 19 apr.
  4. Bujko, P. Zapiski chelyuskinca [Text]. – M. ; L. : Molodaya gvardiya, 1934. – 140 s.
  5. De 103 russere som driver om I polar-isen [Text] // Aftenposten. – 1934. – Febr. 17.
  6. Geroicheskij pohod. “Pravda” o polyarnoj ekspedicii “Chelyuskina” (25 iyunya 1933 goda – 18 iyunya 1934 goda) [Text]. – M. : Pravda : IZOGIZ, 1934. – 52 s.
  7. Gyunter, H. Arhetipy sovetskoj kulʼtury [Text] // Socrealisticheskij kanon. – SPb. : Akad-emicheskij proekt, 2000. – S. 743–784.
  8. Heroic Soviet Orders Mark End to Classless Marxism [Text] // The Christian Science Moni-tor. – 1938. – July 20.
  9. Horkina, S. Osobennosti stanovleniya russkoj tradicii polyarnyh issledovanij v dorevoly-ucionnyj period [Electronic resource]. – Mode of access : http://www.pravoslavie.ru/5274.html (date of access: 20.09.2016).
  10. Kak my spasali chelyuskincev [Text]. – M. : Pravda, 1934.
  11. Kozlova, I.V. Sovetskie skaziteli o pokorenii polyarnogo Severa [Text] // Aktualʼnye problemy sovremennoj folʼkloristiki i izucheniya klassicheskogo naslediya russkoj literatury : sb. pamyati E.A. Kostyuhina. – SPb., 2009. – S. 143–162.
  12. Krenkelʼ, E.T. RAEM – moi pozyvnye [Text]. – M. : Sovetskaya Rossiya, 1973. – 436 s.
  13. Lebedev, N. Zavoevanie Arktiki [Text]. – Stalingrad : Obl. kn-vo, 1937. – 167 s.
  14. Majskij, I.M. Kto pomogal Gitleru (iz vospominanij sovetskogo posla) [Text]. – M. : Izd-vo in-ta mezhdunar. otnoshenij, 1962. – 197 s.
  15. Ob ustanovlenii vysshej stepeni otlichiya – zvaniya Geroya Sovetskogo Soyuza [Text] : postanovlenie Centralʼnogo ispolnitelʼnogo komiteta ot 16 aprelya 1934 g. // Izvestiya CIK Soyuza SSR i VCIK. – 1934. – 17 apr.
  1. Pohod “Chelyuskina” [Text]. – M. : Pravda, 1934.
  2. Polozhenie o zvanii Geroya Sovetskogo Soyuza [Text] : [utv. postanovleniem CIK SSSR 29 iyulya 1936 g.] // SZ SSSR. – 1936. – N 42. – S. 357.
  1. Triumf sovetskoj aviacii [Text] // Pravda. – 1934. – 12 apr.

19.       Tsjeljuskin-filmen – et filmdrama fra vilkerig-heten [Text] // Aftenposten. – 1934. – Okt.

Uncategorized