2020 №2 (67) Article 8

Zakharova O. V., Noykova E. A.

The Origin of Feminism and the Feminist Movement in the Late 18th — Early 19th Centuries P. 78-84.

UDC 316.35«17/18»

DOI 10.37724/RSU.2020.67.2.008

In the late 18th century, Europe witnessed many wars, revolutions, colonial oppression, but it also saw many important scientific, technical and cultural discoveries and dramatic social changes. The Age of Enlightenment reassessed the role of women as independent personalities who can fully participate in economics, politics and manufacturing at par with men. Protofeminism anticipated modern feminism with its mottos and aspirations. In that era, there appeared first activists fighting for gender equality, forerunners of the feminist movement who formulated the principles of feminism. There appeared first works which lay the foundation of the gender equality movement and initiated womenʼs struggle for their rights.

feminism; feminist movement; origin of feminism; protofeminism; struggle for gender equality

References

  1. Ajvazova S. G. To the History of Feminism. Obshhestvennye nauki i sovremennostʼ [Social Sciences and Modernity]. 1992, no. 6, pp. 153–168. (In Russian).
  2. Bezrukova A. A. European Social and Philosophical Ideas about Womenʼs Role in Society until the Early 20th Century. Vestnik Majkopskogo gosudarstvennogo tehnologicheskogo universiteta [Bulletin of Maikop State Technological University]. 2010, no. 4, p. URL : https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/evropeyskaya-sotsialno-filosofskaya-mysl-o-polozhenii-zhenschiny-v-obschestve-do-nachala-hh-veka (accessed: 18.01.2020). (In Russian).
  3. Brison V. Politicheskaja teorija feminizma [Feminist Political Theory]. Moscow, Idea-Press Publ., 2001, 304 p. (Transl. from English).
  4. Krelenko N. S., Chernova L. N.., Kostina A. N. Sudʼby anglijskih intellektualok Novogo vremeni [The Fates of English Female Intellectuals of the New Era]. Moscow, Russian Foundation for Assisting Science and Education Publ., 2018, 353 p. (In Russian).
  5. Muslumova T. V. Feminism: Origins, Stages of Development, Major Trends. Vestnik Shadrinskogo gosudarstvennogo pedagogicheskogo universiteta [Bulletin of Shadrin State Pedagogical University]. 2015, no. 4 (28), pp. 114–120. (In Russian).
  6. Olympe de Gouges. Deklaracija prav zhenshhiny i grazhdanki [Declaration of the Rights of Woman and the Female Citizen]. 1791. URL : ravnopravka.ru/2011/03/olimpija-de-guzh-deklaracija-prav-zhenshhin/ (accessed: 15.01.2020). (In Russian).
  7. Pivovarova Ju. G. The Role of Women in Literary Salons (on the Material of Russian Culture of the Early 19th Century). Jaroslavskij pedagogicheskij vestnik [Yaroslavl Pedagogical Bulletin]. 2015, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 127–130. (In Russian).
  8. Wollstonecraft M. V zashhitu prav zhenshhin [A Vindication of the Rights of Woman]. 1792. URL : http://ravnopravka.ru/2011/03/mjeri-uollstounkraft-v-zashhitu-prav-zhen/ (accessed: 10.01.2020). (In Russian).
  9. Jerlihson I. M. “The Third” Woman of the New Era in English Literature of the Enlightenment (Daniel Defoe). Dialog so vremenem [Dialogue with Time]. 2012, pp. 281–307. (In Russian
Uncategorized