2019 №1 (62) Article 4

Sh. Kabirova, I. I. Khanipova

LABOR MOBILIZATION IN THE TATAR AUTONOMOUS SOVIET SOCIALIST REPUBLIC IN THE 1930s–1940s

UDC 947.084.6(471.41)«193/194»

The article treats a mechanism of economic recovery and growth adopted by the Tatar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic to secure labor mobilization in the 1930s–1940s. The article characterizes the mobilization potential of the republic. It analyzes the ways of labor management and investigates the forms of labor mobilization. The authors maintain that in the 1930s–1940s, one of the main sources of labor force in the Tatar Republic was rural areas. The article underlines that in the 1930s the Tatar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic was actively engaged in labor mobilization. Working peasants were extensively involved in the territorial development and industrial construction typical of the first five-year periods. The beginning of World War II, when many men were enlisted in the military, resulted in overall shortage of labor and brought about changes in the state labor-related policies. The Soviet government issued laws to regulate peopleʼs work engagement and peopleʼs immersion in social production. The voluntary-compulsory character of these administrative measures enabled the republic to replenish the labor force. In post-war years the republic continued to employ the mobilization strategy to solve problems in the sphere of labor policy.

resettlement policy; social mobilization; Tatar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic; labor mobilization; labor service; labor policy

REFERENCES

1. Beznin M. A., Dimoni T. M., Izyumova L. V. Povinnosti rossiiskogo krestʼyanstva v 1930–1960-kh godakh [The duties of the Russian peasantry in the 1930–1960-ies]. Vologda, Vologda scientific coordination center Center of the economic and mathematical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences Publ., 2001, 141 p. (In Russian).
2. Gallyamova A. G. Tatarskaya ASSR v period poststalinizma (1945–1985 gg.) [The Tatar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic at the period of post-Stalinism (1945–1985)]. Kazanʼ, Tatknigoizdat Publ., 2015, 455 p. (In Russian).
3. Gilʼmanov Z. I. Tatarskaya ASSR v Velikoi Otechestvennoi voine 1941–1945 gg. [Tatar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic in the Great Patriotic War of 1941–1945]. Kazanʼ, Tatknigoizdat Publ., 1977, 295 p. (In Russian).
4. Goncharov G. A. «Trudovaya armiya» na Urale v gody Velikoi Otechestvennoi voiny [“Labor Army” in the Urals during the Great Patriotic War]. Chelyabinsk, Chelyab. State University Publ., 2006, 222
5. Klimov I. A. Social mobilization: to the history of the concept. Soobshchestvo. Upravlenie [Man. Community. Control]. 2004, no. 1, pp. 6–23. (In Russian).
6. Latypova G., Nigmatullin I. From the history of military everyday life in Buinsk. Gasyrlar avazy — Ekho vekov [Gasyrlar Avazy — Echo of the Ages]. 2010, no 1–2,62–64. (In Russian).
7. Meliya A. A. Mobilizatsionnaya podgotovka narodnogo khozyaistva SSSR (1921–1941 gg.): sb. st. [Mobilization preparation of the national economy of the USSR (1921–1941): Digest of articles]. Moscow, Alʼpina Biznes buks Publ., 2004, 350 p. (In Russian).
8. Mobilizatsionnaya modelʼ ekonomiki: istoricheskii opyt Rossii ХХ Goncharova G. A., Bakanova S. A. (eds.) Sb. materialov Vseros. nauch. konf. 28–29 noyabrya 2009 g. [Mobilization model of the economy: the historical experience of Russia of the twentieth century : Proceedings of the All-Russian Scientific Conference November 28–29, 2009]. Chelyabinsk, Encyclopedia Publ., 2009, 571 p. (In Russian).
9. Maiorov G. D. (ed.) Narodnoe khozyaistvo Tatarskoi ASSR: k 50-letiyu so dnya obrazovaniya: sb. stat. [National economy of the Tatar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic: toward the 50th anniversary of its foundation: collection of stat.]. Kazanʼ, Statistics Publ., 1970, 195 p. (In Russian).
10. Narodnoe khozyaistvo Tatarskoi ASSR: sb. stat. [National Economy of the Tatar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic: collection of stat.]. Kazanʼ, Tatknigoizdat Publ., 1957, 258 p. (In Russian).
11. Paletskikh N. P. Sotsialʼnaya politika na Urale v period Velikoi Otechestvennoi voiny [Social Policy in the Urals during the Great Patriotic War]. Chelyabinsk, Chelyab. State agroinzh. University Publ., 1995, 184 p. (In Russian).
12. Platunov N. I. Pereselencheskaya politika sovetskogo gosudarstva i ee osushchestvlenie
    v SSSR (1917– iyunʼ 1941 g.) [The resettlement policy of the Soviet state and its realization in the USSR (1917– June 1941)]. Tomsk, Tomsk. University Publ., 1976, 283 p. (In Russian).
13. Romanov R. E. Ways of mobilizing the human potential of the Siberian rear (1941–1945): the social aspect. Privolzhskii nauchnyi vestnik [Volga Scientific Herald]. 2016, no. 11 (63), рр. 25–28. (In Russian).
14. Tagirov I. R. Ocherki istorii Tatarstana i tatarskogo naroda (XX vek) [Essays on the history of Tatarstan and the Tatar people (XX century)]. Kazanʼ, Tatknigoizdat Publ., 1999, 468 p. (In Russian).
15. Tatariya v period Velikoi Otechestvennoi voiny 1941–1945 gg.: sb. dok. i mat. [Tataria during the Great Patriotic War of 1941–1945 : collection of documents and materials]. Comp. A. M. Zaslow, Y. I. Smykov, N. A. Subaev. Kazan, Tatknigoizdat Publ., 1963, 360 p. (In Russian).
16. Tatarskaya entsiklopediya : v 6 tt. [Tatar Encyclopedia: in 6 vols.]. M. Kh. Khasanov, G. S. Sabirzyanov (eds.). Kazanʼ, Institut Tatar. entsiklopedii AN RT Publ., 2010, vol. 5: R S T, 736 p. (In Russian).
17. Trotskii L. D. Mobilizatsiya truda: doklad na ob”edinennom zasedanii III S”ezda sovnarkhozov i Moskovskogo soveta rabochikh i krestʼyanskikh deputatov [Labor mobilization: report at the joint meeting of the Third Congress of Economic Councils and the Moscow Council of Workers and Peasants Deputies]. SPb., Lanʼ Publ., 2017, 12 p. Available at: https://e.lanbook.com/book/96008 (accessed 22.06.2018). (In Russian).
18. Trotskii L. D. O mobilizatsii industrialʼnogo proletariata, trudovoi povinnosti, militarizatsii khozyaistva i primenenii voinskikh chastei dlya khozyaistvennykh nuzhd (tezisy TsK KRP) [On the mobilization of the industrial proletariat, labor service, militarization of the economy and the use of military units for economic needs (theses of the Central Committee of the СRP)]. Saint Petersburg, Lanʼ Publ., 2017, 13 p. Available at: https://e.lanbook.com/book/96009 (accessed 22.06.2018). (In Russian).
19. Mitrofanova A. V. (ed.). Ural — frontu [Ural — to the front]. M., Economic Publ., 1985, 344 p. (In Russian).

Khanipova I. I. The resettlement policy as a factor of the change of the population in the TASSR in the 1930s. Gasyrlar avazy ‒ Ekho vekov [Gasyrlar Avazy — Echo of the Ages]. 2009, no. 1, рр. 52‒57. (In Russian).