Lapshina I. K., Lyubimtsev F. A.

Lapshina I. K., Lyubimtsev F. A.

American and Soviet Military Personnel in the Vietnam War (investigating ego-documents) P. 82-93

UDC 94(597)

DOI 10.37724/RSU.2021.73.4.009

Abstract. The article analyses ego-documents pertaining to the presence of Soviet and American military personnel in Vietnam during the Second Indochina War. It investigates daily routines of American and Soviet soldiers, compares their perception of military events, their motivation and morale. The research enables the authors to conclude that human factor played a decisive role in the military conflict in Vietnam.

 

Keywords: Vietnam War, cold war, military anthropology, the USA, the USSR.

References:

  1. Brekk B. Koshmar: momental’nye snimki [Sheer Horror: Instant Pictures]. Moscow, Eksmo Publ., 2009, 119 p. Available at: https://royallib.com/book/brekk_bred/koshmar__momentalnie_
    html (accessed: 29.12.2020). (In Russian).
  2. Velikova T. Liên Xô — Soviet Soldiers in the Vietnam War. RU [REGIONAL NEWSPAPER.RU]. 2012, Sept. 7. Available at : https://www.oblgazeta.ru/society/2496/ (accessed: 25.01.2021). (In Russian).
  3. The Vietnam War. A Look through the Years. Materialy nauchno-prakticheskoj konferencii [Proceedings of a Research Conference]. Moscow, Fast-Print Publ., 2000, 79 p. (In Russian).
  4. Vojna vo V’etname. Vzgljad skvoz’ prizmu obshhestvennogo mnenija. Rezul’taty oprosov obshhestvennogo mnenija, provedennyh v SShA [The War in Vietnam. Through the Prism of Public Opinion. Public Opinion Polls in the USA]. Blagoveshchensk, Blagoveshchensk State Pedagogical University Publ., 2017, 115 p. (In Russian).
  5. Gerr M. Reportazhi [Reports]. 2016. Available at: http://artofwar.ru/f/filippenko_a_w/michaelherrdispatches.shtml (accessed: 29.12.2020). (In Russian).
  6. Kolesnik N. N. V’etnam vystojal i pobedil [Vietnam Survived and Won]. 2005. Available at: http://www.nhat-nam.ru/vietnamwar/vietnam8.html (accessed: 24.02.2021). (In Russian).
  7. Kolesnik N. N. My zashhishhali Hanoj [We Defended Hanoi]. 2008. Available at : http:// www.nhat-nam.ru/vietnamwar/vietnam7.html (accessed: 24.02.2021). (In Russian).
  8. Konakov V. Ja. V’etnamskaja vojna [The Vietnam War]. 2009. Available at: http://artofwar.ru/k/kolesnik_n_n/text_0320.shtml (accessed: 24.02.2021). (In Russian).
  9. Konoreva I. A. Memoirs of Soviet Soldiers who Took Part in the War in Vietnam as a Historical Source that can be Used to Investigate Local Wars and Conflicts in the Second Half of the 20th Century. Uchenye zapiski : jelektronnyj nauchnyj zhurnal Kurskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta [Scholarly Notes: E-journal of Kursk State University]. 2008, no. 4, pp. 21–26. Available at: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/
    n/vospominaniya-sovetskih-uchastnikov-voyny-vo-vietname-kak-istoricheskiy-istochnik-pri-izuchenii-lokalnyh-voyn-i-konfliktov-vtoroy (accessed: 10.01.2021). (In Russian).
  10. Mason R. A Chicken and a Hawk. com: jelektronnaja biblioteka [RoyalLib.com : e-library]. 2010–2021, 68 p. Available at : https://royallib.com/book/meyson_robert/tsiplenok_i_yastreb.html (accessed: 29.12.2020). (In Russian).
  11. Nadpisi (i ne tol’ko) na kaskah v’etnamskoj vojny [Legends Written on Helmets of Vietnam Soldiers]. 2011. Available at : https://yablor.ru/blogs/nadpisi-i-ne-tolko-na-kaskah-vetnamskoy-voyni/2114751 (accessed: 10.02.2021). (In Russian).
  12. Nam Sense V. A. Perezhit’ V’etnam v 101-j vozdushno-desantnoj divizii [Survive Vietnam with the 101st Airborne Division]. 2009. Available at : http://artofwar.ru/k/kopachewskij_m_a/namsens.shtml (accessed: 10.02.2021). (In Russian).
  13. Nezabyvaemyj V’etnam [The Unforgettable Vietnam]. Yekaterinburg, Profile Publ., 2013, 422 p. (In Russian).
  14. Parks D. Dnevnik amerikanskogo soldata [A Diary of an American Soldier]. Moscow, Voenizdat Publ., 1972, 128 s. Available at : http://militera.lib.ru/db/parks_d/index.html (accessed: 22.01.2021). (In Russian).
  15. Pechatnov V. O., Manykin A. S. Istorija vneshnej politiki SShA [History of American Foreign Policy]. Moscow, International Relations Publ., 2012, 672 p. (In Russian).
  16. Ronnau Ch. Krovavye sledy: boevoj dnevnik pehotinca vo V’etname [Blood Trails: the Combat Diary of a Foot Soldier in Vietnam]. 2006. Available at : http://artofwar.ru/k/kopachewskij_m_a/krovavye_sledy-2.shtml (accessed: 10.02.2021). (Transl. from English).
  17. Sajts K. Sindrom O chem ne govorjat soldaty [War Syndrome: What Soldiers are Silent about]. Moscow, Alpina non-fiction Publ., 2013, 132 p. Available at : http://militera.lib.ru/research/0/pdf/sites_k01.pdf (accessed: 29.02.2021). (In Russian).
  18. Senjavskaja E. S. Military Anthropology: Developing a New Branch of Science. Vestnik Mininskogo universiteta : Social’nye i gumanitarnye nauki [Bulletin of Minsk University: Social and Humanitarian Sciences]. 2016, no. 1–2. Available at : https://vestnik.mininuniver.ru/jour/issue/view/7 (accessed: 24.01.2021). (In Russian).
  19. Suchkova E. V. Soviet Military Specialists in Vietnam (1965–1973). Russia i Aziatsko-Tihookeanskij region [Russian and the APAC]. 2010, no. 3, pp. 161–168. (In Russian).
  20. Fimster D. Karlos Hjetkok. Interv’ju [Carlos Hathcock. Interviews]. 1996. Available at : http://artofwar.ru/f/filippenko_a_w/carloshathcockinterview.shtml (accessed: 29.02.2021). (In Russian).
  21. Foto soldata s nadpisjami mesjacev [A Photo of a Soldier with the Names of Months Written on it]. 2009. Available at : http://www.thomasbopedersen.org/warview.html (accessed: 10.02.2021). (In Russian).
  22. America’s Wars. Department of Veterans Affair, Office of Public Affairs, Washington, DC. 2008, Nov. Available at: https://webarchive.library.unt.edu/web/20120916190618/http://www.va.gov/opa/
    publications/factsheets/fs_americas_wars.pdf (accessed: 22.02.2021).
  23. Dzierzynski R. Letters to the Parents. Sept. 13, 1966. Available at : https://memory.loc.gov/
    diglib/vhp-stories/loc.natlib.afc2001001.91320/pageturner?ID=pm0010001&page=2 (accessed: 10.01.2021).
  24. Dzierzynski R. Letters to the Parents. Jan. 31, 1969. Available at : http://memory.loc.gov/
    diglib/vhp/story/loc.natlib.afc2001001.91320/#vhp:personal(accessed: 05.04.2021).
  25. Homiski S. A Letter To My Wife. May 25, 1968. Available at : http://www.vietvet.org/
    htm (accessed: 11.12.2020).
  26. Horton M. J. DEROS: A Year in Vietnam, 1996. Available at : http://www.vietvet.org/
    htm (accessed: 24.02.2021).
  27. Letters home. Available at : http://www.vietvet.org/pocindex.htm (accessed: 25.12.2020).
  28. McNamara R. In Retrospect. The Tragedy and Lessons of Vietnam, New York, Times Books Publ., 1996, 414 p.
  29. Mills Jr. H., Anderson R. Low Level Hell. Novato, CA, Presidio Press Publ., 1992, 35 p. Available at : https://royallib.com/book/Mills_Hugh/low_level_hell.html (accessed: 29.02.2021).
  30. Morgenthau H. J. Politics among Nations: the Struggle for Power and Peace. New York, Knopf Publ., Random House Publ., 1985, 489 p.
  31. Morris R. Encyclopedia of American History: Bicentennial Edition, New York, Harper and Row Publ., 1976, 1245 p.
  32. O’Connell Paul. Letter no. 3. Oct. 20, 1968. Available at : http://www.vietvet.org/poc2-htm (accessed: 04.03.2021).
  33. Stanton Sh. U. S. Army Uniforms of the Vietnam War. Stackpole Books Publ., 1989. Available at: https://www.twirpx.com/file/2784838/ (accessed: 14.03.21).
  34. Jones G. The Poems of Guy L. Jones. Vietnam, Nov. 1968 — Oct. 1969. Available at http:// www.vietvet.org/gjpoems.htm (accessed: 09.01.2021).
  35. Vietnam: The Real War in Pictures. The Guardian. 2015, Apr. 22. Available at https://theguardian.com/artanddesign/gallery/2015/apr/22/vietnam-the-real-war-a-photographic-history-by-the-associated-press-in-pictures (accessed: 10.02.2021).

 

 

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Lapshina I. K., Lyubimtsev F. A.

Lapshina I. K., Lyubimtsev F. A.

American and Soviet Military Personnel in the Vietnam War (investigating ego-documents) P. 82-93

UDC 94(597)

DOI 10.37724/RSU.2021.73.4.009

Abstract. The article analyses ego-documents pertaining to the presence of Soviet and American military personnel in Vietnam during the Second Indochina War. It investigates daily routines of American and Soviet soldiers, compares their perception of military events, their motivation and morale. The research enables the authors to conclude that human factor played a decisive role in the military conflict in Vietnam.

 

Keywords: Vietnam War, cold war, military anthropology, the USA, the USSR.

References:

  1. Brekk B. Koshmar: momental’nye snimki [Sheer Horror: Instant Pictures]. Moscow, Eksmo Publ., 2009, 119 p. Available at: https://royallib.com/book/brekk_bred/koshmar__momentalnie_
    html (accessed: 29.12.2020). (In Russian).
  2. Velikova T. Liên Xô — Soviet Soldiers in the Vietnam War. RU [REGIONAL NEWSPAPER.RU]. 2012, Sept. 7. Available at : https://www.oblgazeta.ru/society/2496/ (accessed: 25.01.2021). (In Russian).
  3. The Vietnam War. A Look through the Years. Materialy nauchno-prakticheskoj konferencii [Proceedings of a Research Conference]. Moscow, Fast-Print Publ., 2000, 79 p. (In Russian).
  4. Vojna vo V’etname. Vzgljad skvoz’ prizmu obshhestvennogo mnenija. Rezul’taty oprosov obshhestvennogo mnenija, provedennyh v SShA [The War in Vietnam. Through the Prism of Public Opinion. Public Opinion Polls in the USA]. Blagoveshchensk, Blagoveshchensk State Pedagogical University Publ., 2017, 115 p. (In Russian).
  5. Gerr M. Reportazhi [Reports]. 2016. Available at: http://artofwar.ru/f/filippenko_a_w/michaelherrdispatches.shtml (accessed: 29.12.2020). (In Russian).
  6. Kolesnik N. N. V’etnam vystojal i pobedil [Vietnam Survived and Won]. 2005. Available at: http://www.nhat-nam.ru/vietnamwar/vietnam8.html (accessed: 24.02.2021). (In Russian).
  7. Kolesnik N. N. My zashhishhali Hanoj [We Defended Hanoi]. 2008. Available at : http:// www.nhat-nam.ru/vietnamwar/vietnam7.html (accessed: 24.02.2021). (In Russian).
  8. Konakov V. Ja. V’etnamskaja vojna [The Vietnam War]. 2009. Available at: http://artofwar.ru/k/kolesnik_n_n/text_0320.shtml (accessed: 24.02.2021). (In Russian).
  9. Konoreva I. A. Memoirs of Soviet Soldiers who Took Part in the War in Vietnam as a Historical Source that can be Used to Investigate Local Wars and Conflicts in the Second Half of the 20th Century. Uchenye zapiski : jelektronnyj nauchnyj zhurnal Kurskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta [Scholarly Notes: E-journal of Kursk State University]. 2008, no. 4, pp. 21–26. Available at: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/
    n/vospominaniya-sovetskih-uchastnikov-voyny-vo-vietname-kak-istoricheskiy-istochnik-pri-izuchenii-lokalnyh-voyn-i-konfliktov-vtoroy (accessed: 10.01.2021). (In Russian).
  10. Mason R. A Chicken and a Hawk. com: jelektronnaja biblioteka [RoyalLib.com : e-library]. 2010–2021, 68 p. Available at : https://royallib.com/book/meyson_robert/tsiplenok_i_yastreb.html (accessed: 29.12.2020). (In Russian).
  11. Nadpisi (i ne tol’ko) na kaskah v’etnamskoj vojny [Legends Written on Helmets of Vietnam Soldiers]. 2011. Available at : https://yablor.ru/blogs/nadpisi-i-ne-tolko-na-kaskah-vetnamskoy-voyni/2114751 (accessed: 10.02.2021). (In Russian).
  12. Nam Sense V. A. Perezhit’ V’etnam v 101-j vozdushno-desantnoj divizii [Survive Vietnam with the 101st Airborne Division]. 2009. Available at : http://artofwar.ru/k/kopachewskij_m_a/namsens.shtml (accessed: 10.02.2021). (In Russian).
  13. Nezabyvaemyj V’etnam [The Unforgettable Vietnam]. Yekaterinburg, Profile Publ., 2013, 422 p. (In Russian).
  14. Parks D. Dnevnik amerikanskogo soldata [A Diary of an American Soldier]. Moscow, Voenizdat Publ., 1972, 128 s. Available at : http://militera.lib.ru/db/parks_d/index.html (accessed: 22.01.2021). (In Russian).
  15. Pechatnov V. O., Manykin A. S. Istorija vneshnej politiki SShA [History of American Foreign Policy]. Moscow, International Relations Publ., 2012, 672 p. (In Russian).
  16. Ronnau Ch. Krovavye sledy: boevoj dnevnik pehotinca vo V’etname [Blood Trails: the Combat Diary of a Foot Soldier in Vietnam]. 2006. Available at : http://artofwar.ru/k/kopachewskij_m_a/krovavye_sledy-2.shtml (accessed: 10.02.2021). (Transl. from English).
  17. Sajts K. Sindrom O chem ne govorjat soldaty [War Syndrome: What Soldiers are Silent about]. Moscow, Alpina non-fiction Publ., 2013, 132 p. Available at : http://militera.lib.ru/research/0/pdf/sites_k01.pdf (accessed: 29.02.2021). (In Russian).
  18. Senjavskaja E. S. Military Anthropology: Developing a New Branch of Science. Vestnik Mininskogo universiteta : Social’nye i gumanitarnye nauki [Bulletin of Minsk University: Social and Humanitarian Sciences]. 2016, no. 1–2. Available at : https://vestnik.mininuniver.ru/jour/issue/view/7 (accessed: 24.01.2021). (In Russian).
  19. Suchkova E. V. Soviet Military Specialists in Vietnam (1965–1973). Russia i Aziatsko-Tihookeanskij region [Russian and the APAC]. 2010, no. 3, pp. 161–168. (In Russian).
  20. Fimster D. Karlos Hjetkok. Interv’ju [Carlos Hathcock. Interviews]. 1996. Available at : http://artofwar.ru/f/filippenko_a_w/carloshathcockinterview.shtml (accessed: 29.02.2021). (In Russian).
  21. Foto soldata s nadpisjami mesjacev [A Photo of a Soldier with the Names of Months Written on it]. 2009. Available at : http://www.thomasbopedersen.org/warview.html (accessed: 10.02.2021). (In Russian).
  22. America’s Wars. Department of Veterans Affair, Office of Public Affairs, Washington, DC. 2008, Nov. Available at: https://webarchive.library.unt.edu/web/20120916190618/http://www.va.gov/opa/
    publications/factsheets/fs_americas_wars.pdf (accessed: 22.02.2021).
  23. Dzierzynski R. Letters to the Parents. Sept. 13, 1966. Available at : https://memory.loc.gov/
    diglib/vhp-stories/loc.natlib.afc2001001.91320/pageturner?ID=pm0010001&page=2 (accessed: 10.01.2021).
  24. Dzierzynski R. Letters to the Parents. Jan. 31, 1969. Available at : http://memory.loc.gov/
    diglib/vhp/story/loc.natlib.afc2001001.91320/#vhp:personal(accessed: 05.04.2021).
  25. Homiski S. A Letter To My Wife. May 25, 1968. Available at : http://www.vietvet.org/
    htm (accessed: 11.12.2020).
  26. Horton M. J. DEROS: A Year in Vietnam, 1996. Available at : http://www.vietvet.org/
    htm (accessed: 24.02.2021).
  27. Letters home. Available at : http://www.vietvet.org/pocindex.htm (accessed: 25.12.2020).
  28. McNamara R. In Retrospect. The Tragedy and Lessons of Vietnam, New York, Times Books Publ., 1996, 414 p.
  29. Mills Jr. H., Anderson R. Low Level Hell. Novato, CA, Presidio Press Publ., 1992, 35 p. Available at : https://royallib.com/book/Mills_Hugh/low_level_hell.html (accessed: 29.02.2021).
  30. Morgenthau H. J. Politics among Nations: the Struggle for Power and Peace. New York, Knopf Publ., Random House Publ., 1985, 489 p.
  31. Morris R. Encyclopedia of American History: Bicentennial Edition, New York, Harper and Row Publ., 1976, 1245 p.
  32. O’Connell Paul. Letter no. 3. Oct. 20, 1968. Available at : http://www.vietvet.org/poc2-htm (accessed: 04.03.2021).
  33. Stanton Sh. U. S. Army Uniforms of the Vietnam War. Stackpole Books Publ., 1989. Available at: https://www.twirpx.com/file/2784838/ (accessed: 14.03.21).
  34. Jones G. The Poems of Guy L. Jones. Vietnam, Nov. 1968 — Oct. 1969. Available at http:// www.vietvet.org/gjpoems.htm (accessed: 09.01.2021).
  35. Vietnam: The Real War in Pictures. The Guardian. 2015, Apr. 22. Available at https://theguardian.com/artanddesign/gallery/2015/apr/22/vietnam-the-real-war-a-photographic-history-by-the-associated-press-in-pictures (accessed: 10.02.2021).

 

 

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Eshtyganova S. S.

Eshtyganova S. S.

Materials Published by Periodicals of Mari State Pedagogical Institute named for N. K. Krupskaya as a Source of Historical Information P. 71-81.

UDC 070:378.437(470.343):930.2

DOI: 10.37724/RSU.2021.73.4.008

Abstract. The article focuses on newspapers which were issued by Mari State Pedagogical Institute named for N. K. Krupskaya and had a rather large circulation. The periodicals chronicled events in the life of the institute since 1957 till 2007. The relevance of the research is accounted for by the fact that Mari State Pedagogical Institute and its periodicals remain largely underinvestigated. The aim of the article is to study the history of higher pedagogical education in the Republic of Mari El through the prism of newspapers issued by the said institute. Newspapers issued by the institute truthfully reflected events in the life of the institute. The author underlines that institute newspapers played an important role in the formation of pedagogical education in the Republic of Mari El in the 20th — early 21st centuries.

 

Keywords: “Pedagogical Staff” newspaper, “Renewal” newspaper, “Teacher” newspaper, Mari State Pedagogical Institute named for N. K. Krupskaya, periodicals with large circulation, republic of Mari El.

 

 

References:

  1. Bushkov R. A. The Creator of a Town of Wonders (about N. P. Ventsenostsev, the director of Mari Pedagogical Institute named for N. K. Krupskaya). Vestnik Marijskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Serija: “Istoricheskie nauki. Juridicheskie nauki” [Bulletin of Mari State University. Historical Sciences series]. Yoshkar-Ola, Mari State University Publ., 2016, vol. 2, no. 3 (7), pp. 16–21. (In Russian).
  2. Egorov V. A. 75 Years of Stability, Success and Hope. 75 let stabil’nosti, uspeha i nadezhd. Vestnik Marijskogo gosudarstvennogo pedagogicheskogo instituta imeni N. K. Krupskoj [Bulletin of Mari State Pedagogical Institute named for N. K. Krupskaya]. Yoshkar-Ola, 2006, no. 3, pp. 3–5. (In Russian).
  3. Za pedagogicheskie kadry [Pedagogical Staff]. Yoshkar-Ola, 1957, no. 1, Apr. 20 ; no. 3, May 11, p. 1 ; no. 28 (46), Sept. 28, p. 1 ; no. 31 (49), Oct. 20, p. 1 ; 1960, no. 8–10 (92–94), Apr. 8, p. 3 ; 1961, no. 1 (113), Jan. 6. (In Russian).
  4. Rokina G. V., Kudrjavcev R. A. (eds.). Marijskij gosudarstvennyj pedagogicheskij institut imeni N. K. Krupskoj : ocherki istorii fakul’tetov i kafedr v licah i sobytijah [Mari State Pedagogical Institute named for N. K. Krupskaya: People and Events in the History of Faculties and Departments]. Yoshkar-Ola, Mari State Pedagogical Institute named for N. K. Krupskaya Publ., 2006, 414 p. (In Russian).
  5. Hlebnikov A. V. (ed.). Marijskij pedagogicheskij: istoricheskij ocherk sozdanija dejatel’nosti Marijskogo ordena “Znak Pocheta” gosudarstvennogo pedagogicheskogo instituta imeni N. K. Krupskoj 1931–1981 [Mari Order of Honour Pedagogical Institute: Historical Sketches of Mari State Pedagogical Institute named for N. K. Krupskaya (1931–1981)]. Yoshkar-Ola, Mari Publishing House Publ., 1981, 92 p. (In Russian).
  6. Murav’ev A. V. The Evacuation of the Pedagogical Institute through Students’ Eyes. Marijskij arhivnyj ezhegodnik [Mari Archival Almanac]. Yoshkar-Ola, 2009, pp. 95–99. (In Russian).
  7. Nefedova T. G. People at War: an Interview with Teachers of Mari State Pedagogical Institute, Veterans of World War II. Vestnik Marijskogo gosudarstvennogo pedagogicheskogo instituta imeni N. K. Krupskoj [Bulletin of Mari State Pedagogical Institute named for N. K. Krupskaya]. Konovalov A. N. (ed.) Yoshkar-Ola, 2006, no. 3, pp. 101–115. (In Russian).
  8. Oshaev A. G. Mari State Pedagogical Institute named for N. K. Krupskaya in 1939–1943. Vestnik Marijskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Serija “Istoricheskie nauki. Juridicheskie nauki” [Bulletin of Mari State University. Historical Sciences, Legal Sciences series]. Yoshkar-Ola, Mari State University Publ., 2016, vol. 2, no. 3 (7), pp. 46–51. (In Russian).
  9. Oshaev A. G. Mari State Pedagogical Institute named for N. K. Krupskaya in 1943. Vestnik Marijskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Serija “Istoricheskie nauki. Juridicheskie nauki” [Bulletin of Mari State University. Historical Sciences, Legal Sciences series]. Yoshkar-Ola, Mari State University Publ., 2017, vol. 3, no. 2 (10), pp. 11–17. (In Russian).
  10. Oshaev A. G. The Work of N. P. Ventsenostsev, the Director of Mari Pedagogical Institute named for N. K. Krupskaya. Vestnik Marijskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Serija “Istoricheskie nauki. Juridicheskie nauki” [Bulletin of Mari State University. Historical Sciences, Legal Sciences series]. Yoshkar-Ola, Mari State University Publ., 2019, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 140–148. (In Russian).
  11. Pinegina E. V., Hristoljubova T. A. The First Leader of the First University in the Republic of Mari El. Vestnik Marijskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Serija “Istoricheskie nauki. Juridicheskie nauki” [Bulletin of Mari State University. Historical Sciences, Legal Sciences series]. Yoshkar-Ola, Mari State University Publ., 2016, vol. 2, no. 3 (7), pp. 57–61, a. (In Russian).
  12. Pinegina E. V., Hristoljubova T. A. Mikhail Ilyich Romanov, a Man of his Word (about the Chancellor of Mari State Pedagogical Institute named for N. K. Krupskaya. Vestnik Marijskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Serija “Istoricheskie nauki. Juridicheskie nauki” [Bulletin of Mari State University. Historical Sciences, Legal Sciences series]. Yoshkar-Ola, Mari State University Publ., 2016, vol. 2, no. 3 (7), pp. 89–94, b. (In Russian).
  13. Starikov S. V., Sushencova V. G., Ivanov A. G. et al (comps.). Razvitie vysshego professional’nogo obrazovanija v Respublike Marij Jel. 80 let Marijskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. 1931–2011 [The Development of Higher Vocational Education in the Republic of Mari El. The 80th Anniversary of Mari State University. 1931–2011]. Yoshkar-Ola, String Publ., 2011, 312 p. (In Russian).
  14. Smena [Renewal]. Yoshkar-Ola, 1966, no. 5, Apr. 1, p. 1 ; no. 13, May 29, p. 1 ; 1967, no. 23 (52), Oct. 17, p. 1 ; 1968, no. 9 (68), Apr. 18, p. 1 ; 1972, no. 21–22, June 14, p. 1 ; 1973, 33 (269), Nov. 14, p. 1 ; 1976, no. 16 (365), May 5, p. 1 ; 1981, no. 27–28 (578–279), Oct. 28, p. 1–2 ; 1987, no. 12 (745), Mar. 26, p. 1 ; 1988, no. 28 (801), Sept. 29, p. 2. (In Russian).
  15. Sushencova V. G. The Role of Mari Pedagogical Institute in the Life of Yoshkar-Ola in the 1930s. Marijskij arhivnyj ezhegodnik [Mari Archival Almanac]. Yoshkar-Ola, 2010, pp. 150–156. (In Russian).
  16. Sushencova V. E. Mari State Pedagogical Institute during World War II. Aktual’ny problemy juridicheskih nauk [Relevant Issues of Legal Sciences]. Yoshkar-Ola, Mari State University Publ., 2015, no. 1, pp. 20–30. (In Russian).
  17. Sushencova V. G. Applicants of the 1930s: Celebrating the 85th Anniversary of the First University of the Republic of Mari El. Vestnik Marijskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Serija “Istoricheskie nauki. Juridicheskie nauki” [Bulletin of Mari State University. Historical Sciences, Legal Sciences series]. Yoshkar-Ola, Mari State University Publ., 2016, vol. 2, no. 3 (7), pp. 83–88. (In Russian).
  18. Uchitel’ [Teacher]. Yoshkar-Ola, 1988, no. 31 (804), Oct. 20, p. 1 ; 1991, no. 38 (928), Dec. 5, 1 ; no. 39 (929), Dec. 20, p. 1–2 ; 1992, no. 2 (932), Jan. 23, p. 1 ; no. 14 (944), Apr. 16, p. 1 ; no. 18 (948), June 4, p. 1 ; no. 25 (955), Sept. 10, p. 1 ; no. 27 (957), Oct. 1, p. 1 ; 1996, no. 11 (103), Oct. 28, pp. 1–2 ; 2001, no. 1–2 (1049–1050), Mar. 21 ; 2003, no. 2 (1059), Febr. 23, p. 3 ; no. 5 (1062), May, p. 2 ; 2006, no. 12–15 (1114–1117), Oct., p. 1 ; 2007, no. 19–20 (1132–1133), Dec., p. 3. (In Russian).
  19. Churikov I. A. The Role of Departments of a Pedagogical Institute in the Development of Pedagogical Science and Practice in Russia. Vestnik Marijskogo gosudarstvennogo pedagogicheskogo instituta imeni N. K. Krupskoj [Bulletin of Mari State Pedagogical Institute named for N. K. Krupskaya]. Konovalov A. N. (ed.) Yoshkar-Ola, 2006, no. 3, pp. 28–33. (In Russian).

 

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Shchevyov A. A., Sinelnikov I. Yu.

Shchevyov A. A., Sinelnikov I. Yu.

The Role of Ryazan Evacuation Hospital during World War II Р. 64-70.

UDC 94(470.313).084.8

DOI 10.37724/RSU.2021.73.4.007

Abstract. The article presents historical data pertaining to evacuation hospitals functioning in the Ryazan Region during World War II. The article analyzes the legal status of evacuation hospitals. The investigation of archival documents enables the author to study the functions of evacuation hospitals in the Ryazan Region and to compare them against the functions performed by evacuation hospitals in other regions.

 

Keywords: World War II, Ryazan Region, military hospitals, evacuation hospitals, control evacuation hospital, sorting-evacuation hospital.

 

References:

  1. Gogolev N. V. Evacuation Hospital in Tula. Vestnik Instituta povyshenija kvalifikacii i professional’noj perepodgotovki rabotnikov obrazovanija Tul’skoj oblasti. Tul’skoe obrazovatel’noe prostranstvo [Bulletin of the Institute of Advanced Training and Vocational Retraining of the Tula Region. Tula Education Space]. 2020, no. 2, pp. 68–69, а. (In Russian).
  2. Gogolev N. V. Evacuation Hospital no. 2224. Vestnik Instituta povyshenija kvalifikacii i professional’noj perepodgotovki rabotnikov obrazovanija Tul’skoj oblasti. Tul’skoe obrazovatel’noe prostranstvo [Bulletin of the Institute of Advanced Training and Vocational Retraining of the Tula Region. Tula Education Space]. 2020, no. 3, pp. 66–67, b. (In Russian).
  3. Gogolev N. V. Evacuation Hospital no. 2606: Pages of History. Vestnik Instituta povyshenija kvalifikacii i professional’noj perepodgotovki rabotnikov obrazovanija Tul’skoj oblasti. Tul’skoe obrazovatel’noe prostranstvo [Bulletin of the Institute of Advanced Training and Vocational Retraining of the Tula Region. Tula Education Space]. 2020, no. 3, pp. 71–72, v. (In Russian).
  4. Gosudarstvennyj arhiv Rjazanskoj oblasti [State Archive of the Ryazan Region]. F. R-3251, Op. 9 (vn. op. 2), D. 15, L. 11 ; D. 17, L. 1 ; F. R-3789, Op. 1, D. 355-v, L. 1, 3 ; D. 355-i, L. 4 ob. ; F. p-3, Op. 2, D. 191, L. 5–6, 17, 20, 22, 23, 37 ; D. 247, L. 36 ; D. 340, L. 1, 2, 4, 7, 8 ; D. 695, L. 7, 8, 9, 10. (In Russian).
  5. Mitrofanova A. A. Evacuation Hospitals of the Ulyanovsk Region during World War II (1941–1945). Vestnik Ekaterininskogo instituta [Bulletin of Yekaterininsky Institute]. 2019, no. 1 (45), pp. 79–82.
  6. Filial Central’nogo arhiva Ministerstva oborony (arhiv voenno-medicinskih dokumentov, St. Petersburg) [Affiliate of the Central Archive of the Ministry of Defense (Archive of Military Health Records)]. F. 1, Op. 35484, D. 92, L. 24–26 ; Op. 47162, D. 18, L.41–44 ; Op. 55244, D. 6, L. 18 ; F. 227, Op. 19971, D. 1, L. 6–7, 87–88. (In Russian).

 

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Tryakhov I. S.

Tryakhov I. S.

Subsidiary Farming as a Solution to Food Insecurity during World War II  (using the example of rearward towns of the Vladimir Region) Р. 54-63.

UDC 94(470.314).084.8

DOI 10.37724/RSU.2021.73.4.006

Abstract. The article treats the role rearward subsidiary farms played in solving food insecurity during World War II. It also focuses on the processes of their functioning and expansion. The research investigates regional party documents stored in the State Archive of the Vladimir Region. The article centres on the fact that the government and the party expected rearward areas to satisfy their nutritional needs. Due to its favourable location, the Vladimir Region offered numerous evacuees a safe haven. The analysis of archival documents enables the author to conclude that the war exacerbated food insecurity and urged local population to expand cultivated lands in order to alleviate the perils of hunger. However, many factory leaders believed subsidiary farming to be an unfortunate encumbrance and did not provide the necessary assistance. Document analysis shows that misjudgements and blunders of the political and military authorities of the Soviet Union resulted in miscalculated attempts to meet national security needs. Subsidiary farms were an essential asset for solving food insecurity both during and after World War II.

 

Keywords: World War II, kitchen gardens, subsidiary farms, food insecurity, survival strategy, rearward areas.

References:

  1. Budnikov Ju. I. Searching for Additional Sources of Food Supply for Workers of the Ural Region during World War II. Vestnik Juzhno-Ural’skogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Serija “Social’no-gumanitarnye nauki” [Bulletin of South-Ural State University. Social and Humanitarian Sciences series]. 2014, vol.14, no. 4, pp. 25–28. (In Russian).
  2. Maksimova N. D. (ed.). Vladimirskij kraj v gody Velikoj Otechestvennoj vojny. 1941–1945 : sbornik arhivnyh dokumentov k 75-letiju Velikoj Pobedy [The Vladimir Region during World War II. 1941–1945: Commemorating the 75th Anniversary of the Great Victory. Collected Archival Documents]. Lashmanova T. A. (comp.). Vladimir, 2020, 504 p. (In Russian).
  3. Vsesojuznaja perepis’ naselenija 1939 goda. Chislennost’ gorodskogo naselenija SSSR po gorodskim poselenijam i vnutrigorodskim rajonam [The 1939 Soviet Census. The Size of Urban Population of the Soviet Union (Urban Settlements and Intracity Areas)]. Available at : http://www.demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/rus_pop_39_3.php (accessed: 15.01.2021).
  4. Goncova M. V. Povsednevnaja zhizn’ naselenija industrial’nogo centra v gody Velikoj Otechestvennoj vojny (na materialah g. Nizhnij Tagil) [Everyday Life in the Industrial Centre during World War II (using the example of Nuzhny Tagil)]. Yekaterinburg, 2011, 254 p. (In Russian).
  5. Gosudarstvennyj arhiv Vladimirskoj oblasti [State Archive of the Vladimir Region]. F. P.-100, Op. 56, D. 48, 50, 76 ; F. P.-116, Op. 1, D. 71, 141 ; Op. 63, D. 29, 31, 36, 38 ; P.-118, Op. 1, D. 86, 87, 161 ; Op. 63, D. 25, 26 ; F. P.-119, Op. 3, D. 111, 145a, 152a, 170, 189, 194 ; F. P.-495, Op. 1, D. 118, 120, 126 ; Op. 5, D. 104 ; F. P.-503, Op. 1, D. 52 ; Op. 78, D. 25 ; F. R.-950, Op. 1, D. 235 ; F. R.-1357, Op. 2, D. 34 ; F. R.-2699, Op. 1, D. 21 ; F. R.-3728, Op. 8, D. 5. (In Russian).
  6. Kabirova A. Sh. Food Supply in Tatarstan during World War II. Uchenye zapiski Kazanskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta [Scholarly Notes of Kazan State University]. 2009, vol. 151, b. 2, part 2, pp. 148–156. (In Russian).
  7. Mel’nikova Ju. V. Zhizneobespechenie gorodskogo naselenija Juzhnogo Urala v gody Velikoj Otechestvennoj vojny (1941–1945 gody). [Ensuring Sustainability in the Southern Urals during World War II (1941–1945)]. Orenburg, 2007, 25 p. (In Russian).
  8. Okolotin V. S. Ivanovskaja oblast’ v gody Velikoj Otechestvennoj vojny. Kniga 1: 22 ijunja — 31 dekabrja 1941 goda [The Ivanovo Region during World War II. Book 1: June 22 — December 31 1941]. Ivanovo, A-Grif Publ., 2017, 344 p. (In Russian).
  9. Okolotin V. S. Ivanovskaja oblast’ v gody Velikoj Otechestvennoj vojny. Kniga 2: 1 janvarja — 31 dekabrja 1942 goda [The Ivanovo Region during World War II. Book 1: January 1 — December 31 1942]. Ivanovo, A-Grif Publ., 2019, 624 p. (In Russian).
  10. Panarina E. V. The Role Subsidiary Farming Played in Solving Food Insecurity in the Don Region and in the North Caucasus region during World War II. Kul’turnaja zhizn’ Juga Rossii [Cultural Activities in Southern Russia]. 2008, no. 4 (29), pp. 65–67. (In Russian).
  11. Titova V. I. (ed.). Pobediteli: vospominanija uchastnikov Velikoj Otechestvennoj vojny i truzhenikov tyla [The Winners: Memoirs of People Who Fought in World War II and Worked in the Rear]. Vladimir, 2010, 344 p. (In Russian).
  12. Potjomkina M. N., Gavril’kova K. E. What did those who Brought Nearer the Hour of Victory Eat (using the example of the city of Magnitogorsk)]. Vestnik Udmurtskogo universiteta. Serija “Istorija i filologija” [Bulletin of Udmurt University. History and Philology series]. 2017, vol.27, iss. 4, pp. 611–617. (In Russian).
  13. Bogoljubov K. M., Smirtjukov M. S. (eds.). Reshenija Partii i Pravitel’stva po hozjajstvennym voprosam [Economy-related Decisions Made by the Party and the Government]. Chernenko K. U., Smirtjukov M. S. (comps.). Moscow, 1968, 751 p. (In Russian).
  14. Chadaev Ja. E. Jekonomika SSSR v gody Velikoj Otechestvennoj vojny (1941–1945 gody) [The Economy of the USSR during World War II (1941–1945)]. Moscow, 1985, 492 p. (In Russian).
  15. Chernjavskij U. G. Vojna i prodovol’stvie. Snabzhenie gorodskogo naselenija v Velikuju Otechestvennuju vojnu (1941–1945 gody) [War and Food Supplies. Food Security during World War II (1941–1945)]. Moscow, 1964, 208 p. (In Russian).
  16. Shalak A. V. Uslovija zhizni naselenija Vostochnoj Sibiri (1940–1950) [Life Conditions in Eastern Siberia (1940–1950)]. Irkutsk, 1998, 464 p. (In Russian).
  17. Jemirhanov I. A. The Role Subsidiary Farming Played in Solving Food Insecurity during World War II (1941–1945) Mezhdunarodnyj nauchnyj zhurnal “Innovacionnaja nauka” [International Journal of Innovative Science]. 2015, no. 11, pp. 125–128. (In Russian).

 

 

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Kopylov N. A.

Kopylov N. A.

Civil War in the Volga Region in the Summer of 1918. Simbirsk Operation as Viewed by Rivalry Armies Р. 43-53

UDC  94(470.4).084.3«1918»

DOI 10.37724/RSU.2021.73.4.005

 

Abstract. The revolt of the Czechoslovak Legion against the Bolsheviks in the summer of 1918 provoked a large-scale Civil War in Russia. When the Legion entered Samara and started military actions in the Volga region and in Siberia, these regions were cut off from Soviet Russia. The article focuses on Simbirsk Operation, one of the key moments of the early stages of the Civil war in the Volga region. The author analyzes archival documents to reconstruct the military conflict from the point of view of the rivalry parties and to investigate the significance of Simbirsk for the Soviet authorities and for the opposition.

 

Keywords: Simbirsk, Russian revolution, Czechoslovak Legion, Latvian Riflemen, Civil War in Russia.

References:

 

  1. Alekseev V. N. Dva goda bor’by. Oktjabr’ i grazhdanskaja vojna v gubernii [Two Years of Struggle. October and a Civil War in a Province]. Ulyanovsk, 1927, 97 p. (In Russian).
  2. Vyrypaev V. O. The Kappel Troops. Kappel’ i kappelevcy [Kappel and the Kappel Troops]. Gagkuev R. G. (ed.). Moscow, Seedtime Publ., 2007, pp. 217–336. (In Russian).
  3. Godovshhina I-j Revoljucionnoj Armii [An Anniversary of the First Revolutionary Army]. Moscow, 1920, 157 p. (In Russian).
  4. Istorija latyshskih strelkov (1915–1920) [History of Latvian Riflemen (1915–1920)]. Riga, Zinante Publ., 1972, 788 p. (In Russian).
  5. Kakurin N. E. Kak srazhalas’ revoljucija [Revolutionary Struggle]. Moscow, Politizdat Publ., 1990, vol. 1, 272 p. (In Russian).
  6. Kotomkin A. E. About the Czechoslovak Legion in Siberia. Vostochnyj front admirala Kolchaka [The Eastern Front of Admiral Kolchak]. Volkov S. V. (ed.). Moscow, Centrpoligraf Publ., 2004, pp. 575–581. (In Russian).
  7. Lebedev V. I. Russian Democrats’ Struggle against Bolsheviks. 1918 god na Vostoke Rossii [1918 in Eastern Russia]. Volkov S. V. (ed.). Moscow, Centrpoligraf Publ., 2003, pp. 173–201. (In Russian).
  8. Petrov P. P. Rokovye gody 1914–1920 [The Fateful Years: 1914–1920]. California, 1965, 280 p. (In Russian).
  9. Petrov P. P. The Volga Struggle. 1918 god na Vostoke Rossii [1918 in Eastern Russia]. Volkov S. V. (ed.). Moscow, Centrpoligraf Publ., 2003, pp. 9–42. (In Russian).
  10. Polupanov A. V. Bronepoezd “Svoboda ili smert’” no. 4. Polupanovcy: vospominanija komandira bronepoezda [The “Freedom or Death” Armored Train no. 4. Polupanov’s Troops. Memoirs of a Commander of an Armored Train]. Moscow, 1939, 64 p. (In Russian).
  11. Rossijskij gosudarstvennyj voennyj arhiv [Russian State Military Archive]. 106, Op. 7, Ed. hr. 7, L. 6–6 ob., 7–7 ob., 8–8 ob., 13 ; F. 151, Op. 2, D. 2, L. 26 ; F. 28361, Op. 1,  Ed. hr. 486, L. 25, 26, 27. (In Russian).
  12. Rybkov A. G. Chehoslovackij korpus v Povolzh’e: 1918 god. Istoricheskie ocherki [Czechoslovak Legion in the Volga Region: 1918. Historical Notes]. Janshin N. S. (ed.). Saratov, Saratov Social and Economic Institute (affiliate) of Plekhanov Russian University of Economics Publ., 2017, 220 p. (In Russian).
  13. Saharov K. V. Belaja Sibir’ [White Siberia]. Munich, 1923, 324 p. (In Russian).
  14. Cheshskie argonavty v Sibiri [Czech Argonauts in Siberia]. Tokyo, 1921, 21 p. (In Russian).
  15. Stepanov A. P. Simbirsk Operation. Beloe delo. Letopis’ Beloj bor’by [White Business. Chronicles of White Struggle]. Berlin, 1926, pp. 83–95. (In Russian).

 

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Dolinnikova O. V.

Dolinnikova O. V.

Girls in Industrial Workers’ Families in St. Petersburg in the Second Half of the 19th Century — Early 20th Century Р. 34 -42.

UDC 392.34-055.2(470.23-25)«18/19»

DOI 10.37724/RSU.2021.73.4.004

Abstract. The post-reform period is one of the most controversial eras in Russian history. In the second half of the 19th — early 20th centuries, Russian society experienced changes which concerned all social layers. Being one of the least protected social groups, children needed adult support and protection. Adults, however, often felt lost in the rapidly changing world and children became a burden or a means to earn extra money. In the late 19th century, many Russian workers recognized social change. St. Petersburg factory workers recognized the importance of educating their children, both male and female. New approaches to female education in working families encouraged girls to explore new opportunities and widened their aspirations.

Keywords: St. Petersburg, second half of the 19th century — early 20th century, factory workers, children, girls, education, upbringing.

 

References:

  1. Abramov Ja. The World of Plants and Factories. Part 1. Otechestvennye zapiski [Russian Notes]. 1882, no. 3, pp. 1–27. (In Russian).
  2. Andreev A. L. Society and Education: Pre-revolutionary Russia. Vysshee obrazovanie v Rossii [Higher Education in Russia]. 2017, no. 11, pp. 158–164. (In Russian).
  3. Acarkin A. N. Zhizn’ i bor’ba rabochej molodezhi v Rossii (1900 — oktjabr’ 1917). Life and Struggles of Young Workers in Russia (1900 — October 1917). Moscow, Thought Publ., 1976, 415 p. (In Russian).
  4. Veremenko V. A. Vospitatel’nye praktiki v dvorjansko-intelligentskih sem’jah Rossii vtoroj poloviny XIX — nachale XX veka [Education in Noble Families in Russia of the Second Half of the 19th — Early 20th Centuries]. St. Petersburg, Leningrad State University named for A. S. Pushkin Publ., 2020, 232 p. (In Russian).
  5. Urban Children. Mir zhenshhiny [Female World]. 1914, no. 15, pp. 30. (In Russian).
  6. Dombrovskij O. Byt fabrichnyh rabochih po dannym Pervoj Vserossijskoj Gigienicheskoj vystavki, ustroennoj Russkim Obshhestvom ohranenija narodnogo zdravija v Sankt-Peterburge v 1893 godu [Everyday Routines of Factory Workers according to the Data of the First All-Russian Hygiene Exhibition Organized by the Russian Society for People’s Health in St. Petersburg in 1893]. St. Petersburg, P. P. Sojkin’s Publishing House Publ., 1894, 45 p. (In Russian).
  7. Zajceva S. V. Factors that Affected Out-of-wedlock Birth Rates in the Russian Empire in the Second Half of the 19th Century. Vestnik Leningradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta imeni S. Pushkina [Bulletin of Leningrad State University named for A. S. Pushkin]. 2010, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 144–152. (In Russian).
  8. Zajceva S. V. Dejatel’nost’ gosudarstva i obshhestva v oblasti organizacii prizrenija nezakonnorozhdennyh detej v Rossii vo vtoroj polovine XIX — nachale XX v (na primere Sankt-Peterburgskoj gubernii) [The Role of State and Society in Taking Care about Children Born out of Wedlock in Russia in the Second Half of the 19th Century — Early 20th Century]. St. Petersburg, 2014, 22 p. (In Russian).
  9. Ivanov Ju. M., Pronin S. V. Na puti sverzhenija carizma [On the Way to Overthrowing the Tsar]. Moscow, Karpov Publ., 2004, 52 p. (In Russian).
  10. Kruze Je. Je. Polozhenie rabochego klassa Rossii v 1900–1914 gody [Working Class in Russia in 1900–1914]. Leningrad, Science Publ., 1976, 300 p. (In Russian).
  11. Kulikova S. G. Zhenskaja prestupnost’ kak social’nyj faktor rossijskoj modernizacii (vtoraja polovina XIX — nachalo XX vekov) [Female Delinquents as a Social Factor Pertaining to Modernization in Russia (late 19th — early 20th centuries)]. Gagarin, Polyworld Publ., 2011, 174 p. (In Russian).
  12. Mironov B. N. Social’naja istorija Rossii perioda imperii (XVIII — nachalo XX v.): genezis lichnosti, demokraticheskoj sem’i, grazhdanskogo obshhestva i pravovogo gosudarstva [Social History of Imperial Russia in the 18th — Early 20th Centuries: the Evolution of Individuals, Democratic Families, Civil Society, and Constitutional State]. St. Petersburg, Dmitry Bulanin Publ., 2003, vol. 1, 548 p. (In Russian).
  13. Nachal’noe i srednee obrazovanie v Sankt-Peterburge. XIX — nachalo XX veka [Primary and Secondary Education in St. Petersburg. 19th — Early 20th Centuries]. Korocheneckaja L. A. et. al. (eds.). St. Petersburg, Russian Faces Publ., 2000, 359 p. (In Russian).
  14. Olejnikova S. S. The Formation of the Legal Foundation of Workers’ Social Security in Russia in the 19th — Early 20th Centuries. Filosofija social’nyh kommunikacij [Philosophy of Social Communication]. 2015, no. 1, pp. 50–58. (In Russian).
  15. Pokrovskaja M. I. Po podvalam, cherdakam i uglovym kvartiram Peterburga [The Vaults, Attics and Corner Flats of St. Petersburg]. St. Petersburg, P. P. Sojkin’s Publishing House Publ., 1903, 98 p. (In Russian).
  16. Pokrovskaja M. I. Life Conditions of a St. Petersburg Female Factory Worker. Zhenskij vestnik [Female Bulletin]. 1905, no. 3, pp. 76. (In Russian).
  17. Polnoe sobranie zakonov Rossijskoj imperii. Sobranie 3, tom 17: 1 marta 1881 goda — 1913 god [A Complete Collection of Laws of the Russian Empire. Collection 3. Vol. 17: March 1, 1881 — 1913]. St. Petersburg, 1900, no. 14231, pp. 355–366. (In Russian).
  18. Ministerstvo narodnogo prosveshhenija. Obzor dejatel’nosti vedomstva ministerstva narodnogo prosveshhenija za vremja carstvovanija imperatora Aleksandra III: (so 2 marta 1881 g. po 20 oktjabrja 1894) [Russia. Ministry of Public Enlightenment. The Work of the Ministry of Public Enlightenment: Alexander III’s Reign (March 2, 1881 — October 20, 1894)]. St. Petersburg, 1901, 676 p. (In Russian).
  19. Severceva O. V. Education, Upbringing and Dreams of Female Factory Workers in St. Petersburg in the Second Half of the 19th Century — Early 20th Century. Istorija i povsednevnost’ [History and Everyday Life]. St. Petersburg, 2016, no. 2, pp. 26–33. (In Russian).
  20. Semenova O. A. Servants’ Children in Russia in the Mid-19th — 20th Centuries. Vestnik kostromskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta [Bulletin of Kostroma State University]. 2020, vol. 26, no. 3, pp. 55–62. (In Russian).
  21. Sinova I. V. “If you want to save humanity, start with children”. Moskva [Motherland. Moscow]. 2013, no. 2, pp. 118–122. (In Russian).
  22. Sinova I. V. Deti trudjashhegosja naselenija v gorodskom rossijskom sociume v 1861–1914 gody: problemy deviantnosti i viktimizacii (na materialah Sankt-Peterburga) [Workers’ Children in Russian Society in 1861–1914: Deviant Behavior and Victimization (using the example of St. Petersburg)]. St. Petersburg, 2014, 37 p. (In Russian).
  23. Sinova I. V. Workers’ Children in Urban Community in the Second Half of the 19th Century — Early 20th Century. Ural’skij istoricheskij vestnik [Urals Historical Bulletin]. 2016, no. 3 (52), pp. 62–69. (In Russian).
  24. Sinova I. V. Pravovoe polozhenie, trud i povsednevnaja zhizn’ detej vo vtoroj polovine XIX — nachale XX veka [Legal Rights, Labor and Everyday Life of Children in the Second Half of the 19th Century — Early 20th Century]. Moscow, INFRA-M Publ., 2019, 280 p. (In Russian).
  25. Suknovalov A. E., Fomenkov I. N. Fabrika “Krasnoe znamja”. Ocherki istorii Leningradskoj gosudarstvennoj ordena Lenina trikotazhno-chulochnoj fabriki “Krasnoe znamja”. 1855–1967 [The Red Banner Factory. History of Leningrad Order of Lenin Red Banner Textile Factory. 1855–1967]. Leningrad, Lenizdat Publ., 1968, 448 p. (In Russian).
  26. Tjutrjumova R. A. Fabrichnoe zakonodatel’stvo v Rossii [Factory Law in Russia]. Moscow, Benefits Publ., 1908, 359 p. (In Russian).
  27. Central’nyj gosudarstvennyj istoricheskij arhiv Sankt-Peterburga [Central State Historical Archive of St. Petersburg]. F. 50, 1, D. 18, L. 87, 55 ; F. 1435, Op. 1, D. 12,  L. 24. (In Russian).
  28. Shaginjan M. S. Nevskaja nitka [Neva Thread]. Moscow, Leningrad, Central Department of Publishing of the Supreme Board of the National Economy of the USSR Publ., 1925, 55 p. (In Russian).
  29. Shubovich V. G. Vocational Education in Russia at the Turn of the 19th–20th Centuries. Pravo i obrazovanie [Right and Education]. 2012, no. 2, pp. 136–142. (In Russian).
  30. Clements B. A History of Woman in Russia. Bloomington, Indiana, Indiana University Press Publ., 2012.
  31. Engel B. Between the Fields and the City: Women, Work, a Family in Russia, 1861–1914. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press Publ., 1994, 254 p.

 

 

 

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Vlasov A. E., Shtepa A. V.

Vlasov A. E., Shtepa A. V.

“They started doing their dirty deed…”: Informants and Snitches in Kaluga Committee of the Russian Social-Democratic Labour Party Р. 24-33.

 

UDC 94(470.318).083

DOI 10.37724/RSU.2021.73.4.003

 

Abstract. The article focuses on the formation of a political investigation department, a unit of the Gendarmerie force in the Kaluga Province. The article discloses the name of the superior gendarmerie officer who supervised political investigations performed by the Gendarmerie force in the Kaluga Province. The article treats the officer’s rights and duties associated with the supervision of the department. The authors analyze and assess the results of the officer’s work in the spheres controlled by the secret services of the Russian Empire (cooperation with inside and outside informants, snitches, surveillance agents working in various departments of the Kaluga Committee of the Russian Social-Democratic Labor Party in Kaluga and the Kaluga Province). Informants, snitches and surveillance agents were employed by a specially trained gendarmerie officer. Informants and snitches helped Kaluga gendarmes to locate printing houses of the Kaluga Committee of the Russian Social-Democratic Labor Party and places where printing equipment was stored. Informants and snitches helped Kaluga gendarmes to locate the safe house members of the Kaluga Committee of the Russian Social-Democratic Labor Party used to meet with revolutionaries from other cities. Informants and snitches helped Kaluga gendarmes to locate a place Kaluga Social Democrats used to meet with party members from other towns of the Kaluga Province. Due to informants’ help Kaluga gendarmes managed to destroy a safe house used by the fighting squad of the Russian Social-Democratic Labor Party in the Kaluga Province. By the summer of 1907, the fighting squad of the Russian Social-Democratic Labor Party in the Kaluga Province had been completely destroyed. The authors conclude that the political investigation department of the Gendarmerie force in the Kaluga Province functioned really effectively during the first two years of its existence.

Keywords: fighting squad, Kaluga Committee of the Russian Social-Democratic Party, Gendarmerie force of the Kaluga Province, informant, snitch, investigation department, captain N. M. Nikiforov, secret agent, underground printing house, tracker.

 

References:

 

  1. Gosudarstvennyj arhiv Kaluzhskoj oblasti [State Archive of the Kaluga Region]. F. 784, Op. 1, 348 ; F. 1332,  Op. 1, D. 17, 22, 27, 28, 29, 32. (In Russian).
  2. Istorija Kaluzhskoj partijnoj organizacii [Party History in Kaluga]. Tula, Priokskoje Publ., 1978,  256 p. (In Russian).
  3. Opilkin A. S. Central’noe (Moskovskoe) rajonnoe ohrannoe otdelenie v sisteme organov politicheskoj policii Rossijskoj imperii: 1907–1914 gody [Central (Moscow) Security Department in the System of Political Police of the Russian Empire: 1907–1914]. Moscow, 2012, 214 p. (In Russian).
  4. Peregudova Z. I. Provision on Local Security Departments of 14.12.1906. Politicheskij sysk Rossii (1880–1917) [Political Investigation in Russia (1880–1917)]. Moscow, ROSSPJeN Publ., 2000, 430 p. (In Russian).
  5. Romanova T. V. V bor’be za rabochee delo [Labour Struggle]. Tula, Priokskoje Publ., 1983, 248 s.
  6. Spisok obshhego sostava chinov otdel’nogo korpusa zhandarmov po 15 fevralja 1916 goda 1 i 2 chasti [A List of Gendarmes of the Special Corps of Gendarmes: February 15, 1916, parts 1 and 2]. Petrograd, Special Corps of Gendarmes Publ., B. Vul’fov’s Publishing House Publ., 1916, 789 p. (In Russian).

 

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Koshelkov V. A.

Koshelkov V. A.

Historiography Issues and the History of Grain Warehouses in the First Half of the 19th Century (using the example of the Pskov Province) Р. 17-23.

UDC 930+94(470.25).07

DOI 10.37724/RSU.2021.73.4.002

Abstract. The article focuses on the construction and evolution of warehouses intended for grain storage in the first half of the 19th century using the example of the Pskov region. The relevance of the issue is largely predetermined by the fact that the issue of constructing warehouses for grain storage during lean years in the 19th century is underinvestigated. The author attempts to perform a historiographical analysis of grain warehouse construction in pre-revolutionary Russia, during the Soviet era and in post-Soviet Russia. The article describes the major stages of grain storage system formation and provides a qualitative assessment of the grain storage system in the Pskov Province. The article underlines the significant role of grain warehouses during World War II, when grain was delivered to the front lines to satisfy the needs of Russian soldiers. The article underlines the outmost significance of grain storage as a non-negotiable element of food security of the Pskov Province.

 

Keywords: hunger, grain warehouses, grain failure, food security.

 

References:

  1. Balanovskij A. V. The Formation of Food Policy in Russia from Old Times till the Early 18th Century. Vestnik Saratovskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta [Bulletin of Saratov State University]. 2012, no. 4 (43), pp. 152–155. (In Russian).
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  3. Gosudarstvennyj arhiv Pskovskoj oblasti [State Archive of the Pskov Region]. F. 20, Op. 1, 90, 333, 520, 659, 1183 ; F. 74.,  Op. 1, D. 170. (In Russian).
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  9. Kotov P. P. Grain Storage as Stipulated by Russian Laws of the 18th — First Half of the 19th Nauchnye vedomosti Belgorodskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta [Research Bulletin of Belgorod State University]. 2013, no. 1 (144), iss. 25, pp. 90–96, b. (In Russian).
  10. Milov L. V. Velikorusskij pahar’ i osobennosti rossijskogo istoricheskogo processa [Russian Ploughmen and the Peculiarities of the Historical Process in Russia]. Moscow, ROSSPJeN Publ., 1998, 573 p. (In Russian).
  11. Obolenskij G. L. Imperator Pavel I [Paul I, Emperor of Russia]. Moscow, Russia Word Publ., 2001, 383 p.(In Russian).
  12. Ocherki istorii Sojuza Sovetskih Socialisticheskih Respublik [Historical Sketches of the USSR]. Moscow, Academy of Sciences of the USSR Publ., 1953–1958, vol. VII : Feudalism. Russia in the First Quarter of the 18th Century. Peter I’s Reforms, 1954, 814 p. ; vol. VIII, 1957, 866 p. (In Russian).
  13. Ocherki russkoj kul’tury XVIII veka [Sketches of Russian Culture of the 18th Century]. Moscow, Moscow State University Publ., 1987, p. 1, 383 p. (In Russian).
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  15. Rogozhina A. M. Formirovanie sistemy prodovol’stvennogo obespechenija v rossijskoj derevne v 30–90-e gody XIX veka [Food Security System in Rural Russia in the 1830s–1890s]. Bryansk, 2013, 355 p. (In Russian).
  16. Romanovich-Slavatinskij A. V. Dvorjanstvo v Rossii ot nachala XVIII veka do otmeny krepostnogo prava [Russian Nobility from the Early 18th Century till the Abolition of Serfdom]. St. Petersburg, Ministry of Internal Affairs Publ., 1870, 594 p. (In Russian).
  17. Rossijskij gosudarstvennyj istoricheskij arhiv [Russian State Historical Archive]. F. 383, Rostovshhikov I. V., Olejnikova S. S. The Social Function of the Russian Empire and its Impact on Personal Rights. Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Serija 5: Jurisprudencija [Bulletin of Volgograd State University. Series 5: Jurisprudence]. 2012, no. 1, pp. 29. (In Russian).
  18. Tarasova I. A. Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Empire and its Role in Ensuring Food Security in the First Half of the 19th Century. Biznes v zakone [Business in Law]. 2012, no. 4, pp. 19–22. (In Russian).
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  21. Chudov S. I. Legal Regulation and Efficiency of Grain Storage in the Vologda Province in the 19th — Early 20th Centuries. Vestnik Baltijskogo federal’nogo universiteta im. Kanta [Bulletin of Kant Baltic Federal University]. 2015, iss. 6, pp. 109–113. (In Russian).

 

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Ivanov V. A.

Ivanov V. A.

To the Question of the Reliability of the Information in the Service Records on the Property Status of Servants-nobles Local government Institutions of Russia Mid-19th Century Р. 7-16.

UDC  94(47).081:930.2

DOI 10.37724/RSU.2021.73.4.001

 

Abstract. The article treats an underinvestigated issue of assessing the veracity of official data pertaining to the property status of Russian noblemen occupying various positions in municipal governments. It makes an attempt to assess Russian noblemen’s economic wellbeing and sustainability in pre-reform Russia. The object of the research is official documents pertaining to civil officials and clerks of noble origin in two central provinces of Russia, namely in the Moscow Province and in the Kaluga Province in 1849–1857. Statistical analysis of data pertaining to the number of serfs shows that official documents of the aforementioned period adequately represented data pertaining to servitors’ economic wellbeing and sustainability. The most reliable data are data pertaining to the economic wellbeing of nobility without estates. The article maintains that analyzing large quantities of data, one can reduce inaccuracies, for they are mitigated and cannot significantly affect the veracity of the obtained results. Therefore, it can be concluded that such data can well be used to investigate the economic wellbeing and sustainability of noble servitors in the aforementioned period of time.

 

Keywords: nobles had no serfs, provincial government, pre-reform times, serfs, Moscow and Kaluga provinces, reliable data, “repeated” service records, service nobility, comparative-statistical method.

 

References:

  1. Akul’shin P. V. Prosveshhennaja bjurokratija i russkaja provincija v pervoj polovine XIX veka: po materialam Penzenskoj, Rjazanskoj, Tambovskoj i Tul’skoj gubernij [Enlightened Bureaucracy and Provincial Russia in the First Half of the 19th Century: using the example of the Penza Province, the Ryazan Province, the Tambov Province and the Tula Province]. Moscow, 2004, 695 p. (In Russian).
  2. Bodrova Ju. V. The well-being of provincial bureaucrats based on materials from Tver’ province dating from the first half of the 19th century. Vestnik Tverskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Serija “Istorija” [Bulletin of Tver State University: History series]. 2017, no. 4, pp. 58–71. (In Russian).
  3. Gosudarstvennyj arhiv Kaluzhskoj oblasti [State Archive of the Kaluga Region]. F. 62, Op. 1. (In Russian).
  4. Zajonchkovskij P. A. Pravitel’stvennyj apparat samoderzhavnoj Rossii v XIX veka [Governmental Bodies of Imperial Russia in the 19th Century]. Moscow, Thought Publ., 1978, 288 p. (In Russian).
  5. Ivanov V. A. Gubernskoe chinovnichestvo 50–60 gg. XIX v. v Rossii (po materialam Moskovskoj i Kaluzhskoj gubernij). Istoriko-istochnikovedcheskie ocherki [Provincial Officials in the 1850s–1860s in Russia (using the example of the Moscow Province and the Kaluga Province). Kaluga, Kaluga State Pedagogical University Publ., 1994, 232 p. (In Russian).
  6. Ivanov V. A. Types and Sizes of Estates Belonging to Noble Servitors in Provincial Russia
    in the Mid-19th Century. Aktual’nye problemy agrarnoj istorii Vostochnoj Evropy: istoriografija, metody issledovanija i metodologija: opyt i perspektivy : materialy XXXI sessii Simpoziuma po agrarnoj istorii Vostochnoj Evropy [Relevant Issues of Agrarian History of Eastern Europe: Historiography, Research Methods, Methodology: Experience and Prospects: Proceedings of the 31st Session of the Symposium
    on Agrarian History in Eastern Europe]. Vologda, Vologda State Pedagogical University Publ., 2009,
    1, pp. 166–172. (In Russian).
  7. Ivanov V. A. About service records of employees in local state institutions of Russian Empire information reliability. Second half of 18th beginning of 20th centuries. Vestnik arhivista [Herald of an archivist]. 2012, no. 4, pp. 30–39. (In Russian).
  8. Ljubina T. I. Uezdnoe chinovnichestvo Tverskoj gubernii v konce XIX — nachale XX veka [Uezd Officials in the Tver Province in the late 19th — Early 20th Centuries]. Tver, 1998, 317 p. (In Russian).
  9. Mathanova N. P. Vysshaja administracija Vostochnoj Sibiri v seredine XIX veka: problemy social’noj stratifikacii [Higher Administration of Eastern Siberia in the Mid-19th Century: Social Stratification Issues]. Novosibirsk, Siberian Chronograph Publ., 2002, 250 p. (In Russian).
  10. Mironenko S. V. Samoderzhavie i reformy. Politicheskaja bor’ba v Rossii v nachale XIX veka [Autocracy and Reforms. Political Struggle in Russia in the Early 19th Century]. Moscow, Science Publ., 1989, 240 p. (In Russian).
  11. Orzhehovskij I. V. Iz istorii vnutrennej politiki samoderzhavija v 60–70-h godah XIX veka [Internal Policy of an Autocratic State in the 1860s–1870s]. Gorky, Gorky State University named for N. I. Lobachevsky Publ., 1974, 168 p. (In Russian).
  12. Pintner U. The Nineteenth Century Provincial Civil Service. The Case of Kostroma. Soslovija i gosudarstvennaja vlast’ v Rossii. XV — seredina XIX vekov: Mezhdunarodnaja konferencija [Social Classes and State Authorities in Russia. The 15th — Mid-19th Centuries: an International Conference]. Moscow, Peter the Great Interuniversity Centre for Humanities Publ., 1994, part 2, pp. 301–314. (In Russian).
  13. Plekh O. A. Mestnoe upravlenie v Vologodskoj gubernii v pervoj polovine XIX veka [Local Authorities in the Vologda Province in the First Half of the 19th Century]. Moscow, 2016, 400 p. (In Russian).
  14. Plekh O. A. Property status of provincial bureaucracy in the first half of the 19th century (on the materials of the European north of Russia). Problemy i tendencii razvitija sociokul’turnogo prostranstva Rossii: istorija i sovremennost’ : materialy VI Mezhdunarodnaja nauchno-prakticheskaya konferencija [Problems and trends in the development of the socio-cultural space of Russia: history and modernity: Proceedings of the 6th International Research Conference]. Ryabova T. I. (ed.). Bryansk, Bryansk State Engineering Technological University Publ., 2019, pp. 203–211. (In Russian).
  15. Plekh O. A. Number of provincial civil servants during first half of the 19th century (documents of Vologda province). Rossijskaja istorija [Russian History]. 2020, no. 1, pp. 3–25. (In Russian).
  16. Poskachej T. A. Provincial’noe chinovnichestvo Rossii v poslednej chetverti XVIII — pervoj polovine XIX veka (na primere Rjazanskoj gubernii) [Provincial Officials in Russia in the Last Quarter of the 18th Century — First Half of the 19th Century (using the example of the Ryazan Province)]. Ryazan, 2006, 261 p. (In Russian).
  17. Polnoe sobranie zakonov Rossijskoj imperii : v 33 tomah [Complete Collection of Laws of the Russian Empire : in 33 vols.]. Collection 1, vol. 16 : 1762–1765, St. Petersburg, Imperial Chancery Publishing House Publ., 1830, 1018 p. ; Collection 2, vol. 2 : 1827, ibid, 1827, 1138 p. ; Collection 2, vol. 22 : 1847, part 1, ibid, 1848, 950 p. ; Collection 2, vol. 24, part 1, ibid, 1850, 635 p. (In Russian).
  18. Rossijskij gosudarstvennyj istoricheskij arhiv [Russian State Historical Archive]. F. 1349, 3, 5. (In Russian).
  19. Rumjanceva M. F. Massovye istochniki po istorii chinovnichestva mestnyh gosudarstvennyh uchrezhdenij Rossii: 1762–1802 gody [Mass Sources on the History of Officials of Local Governmental Bodies of Russia: 1762–1802]. Moscow, 1985, 237 p. (In Russian).
  20. Savickij I. V. Dvorjanstvo Evropejskogo Severa v seredine XIX — nachale XX vekov (po materialam Oloneckoj, Vologodskoj i Arhangel’skoj gubernij) [Noblemen of European North in the Mis-19th Century — Early 20th Century (using the example of the Olonets Province, the Vologda Province, the Arkhangelsk Province). Petrozavodsk, 1998, 229 p. (In Russian).
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  26. Pintner W. M. Civil Officialdom and the Nobility in the 1850s. Russian Officialdom. The Bureaucratization of Russian Society from the Seventeenth to the Twentieth Century. Walter M. Pintner, Don K. Rony (eds.). Chapel Hill, University of North Carolina Press Publ., 1980, pp. 227–249.
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